World Commission on Dams (WCD) Report - Revision history

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2015-11-10T20:39:39Z

Further Information

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References

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References

Lisafeldmann at 09:26, 8 April 2015

2015-04-08T09:26:31Z

Ranisha at 13:32, 25 August 2014

2014-08-25T13:32:06Z

Ranisha at 10:21, 14 August 2014

2014-08-14T10:21:43Z

Ranisha at 07:21, 31 July 2014

2014-07-31T07:21:48Z

Ranisha at 09:13, 11 July 2014

2014-07-11T09:13:30Z

Max Elias at 09:54, 2 December 2013

2013-12-02T09:54:29Z

Max Elias at 09:51, 2 December 2013

2013-12-02T09:51:46Z

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-*[[MHP-Financial_Feasibility_Analysis_Tool|MHP-Financial Feasibility Analysis Tool]]<br/>
+= Further Information<br/> =
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-Micro Hydro Power (MHP) does not compare with Hydroelectric powerplants by dams.<br/>
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 = References =
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 = Background =
-The 1990s were marked by large protests and a conflicting debate about large dams. As an answer to the growing controversy many international donors withdraw their financial support and the World Bank reviewed its financially supported dam projects in 1996. The final report revealed that one quarter of the assessed projects didn’t comply with its own social, economic and environmental standards. As a first step to deal with these results the World Bank and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) hosted a workshop in Gland, Switzerland. It took place in 1997 and gave the impetus to establish the World Commission on Dams (WCD). <br/>
+The 1990s were marked by large protests and a conflicting debate about large dams. As an answer to the growing controversy many international donors withdraw their financial support and the World Bank reviewed its financially supported dam projects in 1996. The final report revealed that one quarter of the assessed projects didn’t comply with its own social, economic and environmental standards. As a first step to deal with these results the World Bank and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) hosted a workshop in Gland, Switzerland. It took place in 1997 and gave the impetus to establish the World Commission on Dams (WCD).<br/>
 The WCD was an independent commission under the chairmanship of Kader Asmal, the South African water minister. The mandate of the organization was to review the development effectiveness of large dams, to appraise alternative water and energy supplies and to develop internationally accepted criteria and guidelines for decision-making concerning dams. The twelve WCD members, both opponents and supporters, were chosen from a variety of backgrounds in industry, academia, governments and civil society. The members served in a personal capacity, not as representatives of their institution or country. In two and a half years the commission evaluated with the help of experts more or less 1,000 dams in 79 countries. The mandate ended in November 2000 with the WCD report: Dams and Development. A new framework for decision-making.<ref name="Fink, M. & Cramer, A. 2008, Towards Implementation of the World Commission on Dams Recommendations Experiences and Reflections After 5 Years in Water Politics and Development Cooperation, eds W Scheumann, S Neubert & M Kipping, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 33-54.">Fink, M. & Cramer, A. 2008, Towards Implementation of the World Commission on Dams Recommendations Experiences and Reflections After 5 Years in Water Politics and Development Cooperation, eds W Scheumann, S Neubert & M Kipping, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 33-54.</ref>
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 The WCD was an independent commission under the chairmanship of Kader Asmal, the South African water minister. The mandate of the organization was to review the development effectiveness of large dams, to appraise alternative water and energy supplies and to develop internationally accepted criteria and guidelines for decision-making concerning dams. The twelve WCD members, both opponents and supporters, were chosen from a variety of backgrounds in industry, academia, governments and civil society. The members served in a personal capacity, not as representatives of their institution or country. In two and a half years the commission evaluated with the help of experts more or less 1,000 dams in 79 countries. The mandate ended in November 2000 with the WCD report: Dams and Development. A new framework for decision-making.<ref name="Fink, M. & Cramer, A. 2008, Towards Implementation of the World Commission on Dams Recommendations Experiences and Reflections After 5 Years in Water Politics and Development Cooperation, eds W Scheumann, S Neubert & M Kipping, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 33-54.">Fink, M. & Cramer, A. 2008, Towards Implementation of the World Commission on Dams Recommendations Experiences and Reflections After 5 Years in Water Politics and Development Cooperation, eds W Scheumann, S Neubert & M Kipping, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 33-54.</ref>
-[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#Overview|►Go to Top]]<br/>
+[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = The WCD Report<ref name="World Commission on Dams 2000, Dams and development. A new framework for decision-making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams, Earthscan, London.">World Commission on Dams 2000, Dams and development. A new framework for decision-making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams, Earthscan, London.</ref> =
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 The WCD identified five core values as an overall basis for decision-making: equity, efficiency, participatory decision-making, sustainability and accountability.<br/>
-[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Recognition of Rights and Risk Assessment ==
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 '''Strategic Priority 7: Sharing Rivers for Peace, Development and Security '''<br/>26. Procedures for shared rivers<br/>
-[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Impact Assessment ==
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 Many of the identified problems of past dams have their origin in the absence of proper impact assessment procedures during the planning phase or in inadequate compliance with the impact assessment recommendations.<br/><br/>The report recommends a comprehensive assessment of risks implied by a project, including environmental, social, health, impoverishment, and cultural heritage risks. In this approach socio-economic, demographic and health-benchmark surveys of all adversely affected populations must be completed and publicly reviewed prior to drafting mitigation, resettlement and development plans.<br/>The Commission recommends Strategic Assessment as a crucial step, because it covers entire sectors, programs and policies. This facilitates project-oriented impact assessment. The report describes the elements of such an assessment in detail. The impact assessment process should culminate in a series of written agreements with those entities that are required to implement mitigation; development or compensation plans, or respond to impacts. The scope of these agreements must be fully defined prior to tendering for construction.<br/>
-[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Response to the WCD Report =
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 Moreover, in 2001 the Dams and Development Project (DDP) was established to help putting the recommendations into operation and to raise and support global and national dam dialogues. The DDP was hosted by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Its mandate ended 2007. As follow up a multi stakeholder process has been set up together with the industry, NGOs and government representatives to negotiate common sustainability assessment criteria shared by all stakeholder (see [[Hydropower_Sustainability_Assessment_Protocol_(HSAP)|Hydropower Sustainability Assessment]]).
-[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[World_Commission_on_Dams_(WCD)_Report#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
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 Although most of the developing countries rejected the WCD recommendations, many hold national dam dialogues with the relevant stakeholders of dam activities and thereby some recommendations were put into practice.
-Moreover, in 2001 the Dams and Development Project (DDP) was established to help putting the recommendations into operation and to raise and support global and national dam dialogues. The DDP was hosted by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Its mandate ended 2007. As follow up a multi stakeholder process has been set up together with the industry, NGOs and government representatives to negotiate common sustainability assessment criteria shared by all stakeholder (see [[Hydropower_Sustainability_Assessment_Protocol_(HSAP)|Hydropower Sustainability Assessment]]).
+Moreover, in 2001 the Dams and Development Project (DDP) was established to help putting the recommendations into operation and to raise and support global and national dam dialogues. The DDP was hosted by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). Its mandate ended 2007. As follow up a multi stakeholder process has been set up together with the industry, NGOs and government representatives to negotiate common sustainability assessment criteria shared by all stakeholder (see [[Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol (HSAP)|Hydropower Sustainability Assessment]]).
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 = Background =
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 = The WCD Report<ref name="World Commission on Dams 2000, Dams and development. A new framework for decision-making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams, Earthscan, London.">World Commission on Dams 2000, Dams and development. A new framework for decision-making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams, Earthscan, London.</ref> =
 The WCD report acknowledges the contribution of dams to human development, but also notes the severe and often unnecessary impacts in numerous cases. Above all, the environment and the people replaced or living downstream often have to cope with destroyed lifelihoods and ecosystems.
 To avoid the negative impacts the WCD presented a framework for new dam projects which gives priority to risk assessment and recognition of rights.
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 = Response to the WCD Report =
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 = References =
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