Wind Energy in Powering Agriculture - Revision history

Ranisha at 19:21, 14 July 2020

2020-07-14T19:21:12Z

Rebecca Navarro: /* Background */

2019-09-16T15:34:37Z

Background

Janna Schneider: /* Background */

2019-01-23T14:16:33Z

Background

Janna Schneider: /* Background */

2019-01-23T14:16:05Z

Background

Ranisha: /* Further Readings */

2018-05-29T13:23:38Z

Lisafeldmann at 12:18, 13 June 2016

2016-06-13T12:18:45Z

Hector Alfaro at 12:25, 11 May 2016

2016-05-11T12:25:20Z

Ranisha at 13:00, 6 April 2016

2016-04-06T13:00:37Z

Stefan Eibisch at 14:41, 5 April 2016

2016-04-05T14:41:52Z

Stefan Eibisch: Created page with " = Background
= Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Using modern technology, i.e. a wind turbine, is no..."

2016-04-01T15:54:39Z

Created page with " = Background = Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Using modern technology, i.e. a wind turbine, is no..."

New page

= Background =

Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Using modern technology, i.e. a wind turbine, is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. Its global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years. 

Wind, the result of global and local temperature differences, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flows into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]). 

 

= Calculate the Wind Energy =

To calculate the energy yield of a wind turbine, we multiply the generated power by the duration the turbine is running. As a wind turbine produces different power outputs at different wind speeds, the mentioned multiplication is a little more complex. We therefore look in detail at the wind conditions in a specific location. Such data can be obtained from wind/weather measurement stations, or from wind atlas if available for the site of interest.  

In the following diagrams an estimation of the annual yield of wind power is depicted. The first diagram shows which wind speeds were predominant at the location. This graph is called the frequency distribution. One can see that a wind speed of about 5 m/s occurs more than 1000 hours a year, while stronger wind speeds are less frequent throughout the year. 

[[File:Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG|frame|left|300px|alt=Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG]] 

The second input for calculating the annual energy yield of a wind turbine is the power curve of the wind turbine . The power curve (diagram below) is specific for every turbine model and normally provided by the manufacturer. It says at which power output the turbine generates which wind speed. When multiplying the hours and the corresponding power output for every wind class (1m/s; 2m/s; 3m/s ...) the result shows the energy production per wind class. To get the annual energy production (AEP) of the turbine, sum up the energy yield (Ei) from every wind speed. These calculations can be done with software support (e.g. Excel) or manually. 

[[File:Wind turbine power curve.JPG|frame|left|300px|alt=Wind turbine power curve.JPG]] To calculate the power output of a wind turbine, check out the following equation: 

'''P=0.5*ρ*A*v³*Cp*η '''(see also the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VehitPvKKhk video] explanation) 

P= power [W]

A= swept area of blades [m2] 

v=wind speed at hub height [m/s]

ρ= density of air (1.29[kg/m3]) 

Cp= power coefficient (Betz’s

coefficient) (59%)

η= system efficiency 

 

= System Example: Wind Pump for Irrigation =

Wind pumps are one of the first applications for using nature’s power to improve agricultural processes. Already in the 9th century, they were used to irrigate fields or to drain the land. Nowadays the technology is mostly used where a grid connection is too far away and wind conditions are steady enough to provide a reliable pumping solution. The design of a wind pump always depends on the application. Firstly, a distinction between mechanical and electrical wind pumps has to be made. Electrical wind pumps normally have the disadvantage of a lower efficiency, but pumps can be placed away from the location of the wind turbine. To choose the right wind turbine considerations about the desired pumping technology and extraction depth have to be made upfront. Centrifugal pumps generally work better with faster rotating wind turbines while piston and diaphragm pumps work better with slow rotating turbines. 

In off-grid areas, where there is sufficient wind (>5 m/s) and ground water supply, wind pumps often offer a cost-effective method for domestic and community water supply, small-scale irrigation and livestock water use. To select a suitable wind pump, the following information is needed: mean wind speed, total pumping head, daily water requirement, well draw down, water quality and storage requirements. 

 

= Further Readings =

*[[Energy for Agriculture|Energy for Agriculture]] 
*[[Portal:Powering Agriculture|Portal:Powering Agriculture]] 
*FAO Study: [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]] 
*[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"] 
*[http://www.water-energy-food.org/documents/giz/energy-services-for-modern-agriculture.pdf Energy Services for Modern Agriculture] 
*[[Planning Wind Projects|Guide for planning wind projects]] 
*Overview of [[Small-Scale_Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]] 
*[[Financing_Aspects_-_Wind_Energy|Financing Aspects - Wind Energy]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Background =
@@ Line 43: / Line 41: @@
 *[[Energy for Agriculture|Energy for Agriculture]]<br/>
-*[[Portal:Powering Agriculture|Portal:Powering Agriculture]]<br/>
+*[[Portal:Water and Energy for Food|Water and Energy for Food (WE4F) portal on energypedia]]
 *FAO Study: [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]]<br/>
 *[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]<br/>
@@ Line 52: / Line 50: @@
 *[[Toolbox on SPIS|Toolbox on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems on energypedia]]
 [[Category:Irrigation]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Background =
-Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Modern technology, such as a wind turbine is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. It's global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years.
+Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Modern technology, such as a wind turbine is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. Its global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years.
 Wind, the result of global and local temperature difference, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flow into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]).

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Background =
-Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Modern technology, such aas a wind turbine is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. It's global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years.
+Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Modern technology, such as a wind turbine is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. It's global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years.
 Wind, the result of global and local temperature difference, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flow into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 23 January 2019
Line 5:		Line 5:

	Wind, the result of global and local temperature difference, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flow into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture\|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]).		Wind, the result of global and local temperature difference, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flow into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture\|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]).
		+

	= Calculate the Wind Energy =		= Calculate the Wind Energy =

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 *Overview of [[Small-Scale Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]]<br/>
 *[[Financing Aspects - Wind Energy|Financing Aspects - Wind Energy]]
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Background =
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 In the following diagrams an estimation of the annual yield of wind power is depicted. The first diagram shows which wind speeds were predominant at the location. This graph is called the frequency distribution. One can see that a wind speed of about 5 m/s occurs more than 1000 hours a year, while stronger wind speeds are less frequent throughout the year.<br/>
-[[File:Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG|border|left|600pxpx|alt=Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
+[[File:Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG|border|left|600px|alt=Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 The second input for calculating the annual energy yield of a wind turbine is the power curve of the wind turbine . The power curve (diagram below) is specific for every turbine model and normally provided by the manufacturer. It says at which power output the turbine generates which wind speed. When multiplying the hours and the corresponding power output for every wind class (1m/s; 2m/s; 3m/s ...) the result shows the energy production per wind class. To get the annual energy production (AEP) of the turbine, sum up the energy yield (Ei) from every wind speed. These calculations can be done with software support (e.g. Excel) or manually.<br/>
-[[File:Wind turbine power curve.JPG|border|left|600pxpx|alt=Wind turbine power curve.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
+[[File:Wind turbine power curve.JPG|border|left|600px|alt=Wind turbine power curve.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 To calculate the power output of a wind turbine, check out the following equation:<br/>
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 *[http://www.water-energy-food.org/documents/giz/energy-services-for-modern-agriculture.pdf Energy Services for Modern Agriculture]<br/>
 *[[Planning Wind Projects|Guide for planning wind projects]]<br/>
-*Overview of [[Small-Scale_Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]]<br/>
+*Overview of [[Small-Scale Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]]<br/>
 *[[Financing Aspects - Wind Energy|Financing Aspects - Wind Energy]]
 [[Category:Wind]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Background<br/> =
+Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Modern technology, such aas a wind turbine is now used also for electricity production in many parts of the world. It's global application has been increasing almost exponentially over the past years.
 Wind, the result of global and local temperature difference, represents another source of renewable energy. The governing principle of wind energy is the transformation of wind flow into rotational movements. This is indeed the same principle as for [[Hydropower in Powering Agriculture|hydropower systems]]. The power output of a wind energy system is generally estimated by multiplying the available wind speed by the swept area of the rotor. The rotational force can be used either directly (irrigation pumps etc.) or to drive a generator and produce electricity (Find an animation of a wind pump [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BugXmDxC0WM here]).
-= Calculate the Wind Energy<br/> =
+= Calculate the Wind Energy =
-To calculate the energy yield of a wind turbine, multiply the generated power by the duration during which the wind turbine is running. Since wind turbine produces different power outputs at different wind speeds, the mentioned multiplication is a little more complex. We therefore look in detail at the wind conditions in a specific location. Such data can be obtained from wind/weather measurement stations, or from wind atlas if available for the site of interest.&nbsp;<br/>
+To calculate the energy yield of a wind turbine, multiply the generated power by the duration during which the wind turbine is running. Since wind turbine produces different power outputs at different wind speeds, the mentioned multiplication is a little more complex. We therefore look in detail at the wind conditions in a specific location. Such data can be obtained from wind/weather measurement stations, or from wind atlas if available for the site of interest.
-In the following diagrams an estimation of the annual yield of wind power is depicted. The&nbsp;first diagram shows which wind speeds were predominant at the location. This graph is called the frequency distribution. One can see that a wind speed of about 5 m/s occurs more than 1000 hours a year, while stronger wind speeds are less frequent throughout the year.<br/>
+In the following diagrams an estimation of the annual yield of wind power is depicted. The first diagram shows which wind speeds were predominant at the location. This graph is called the frequency distribution. One can see that a wind speed of about 5 m/s occurs more than 1000 hours a year, while stronger wind speeds are less frequent throughout the year.<br/>
 [[File:Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG|border|left|600pxpx|alt=Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
-The second input for calculating the annual energy yield of a wind turbine is the power curve of the wind turbine . The power curve (diagram below)&nbsp;is specific for every turbine model and normally provided by the manufacturer. It says at which power output the turbine generates which wind speed. When multiplying the hours and the corresponding power output for every wind class (1m/s; 2m/s; 3m/s ...) the result shows the energy production per wind class. To get the annual energy production (AEP) of the turbine,&nbsp;sum up the energy yield (Ei) from every wind speed. These calculations can be done with software support (e.g. Excel) or manually.<br/>
+The second input for calculating the annual energy yield of a wind turbine is the power curve of the wind turbine . The power curve (diagram below) is specific for every turbine model and normally provided by the manufacturer. It says at which power output the turbine generates which wind speed. When multiplying the hours and the corresponding power output for every wind class (1m/s; 2m/s; 3m/s ...) the result shows the energy production per wind class. To get the annual energy production (AEP) of the turbine, sum up the energy yield (Ei) from every wind speed. These calculations can be done with software support (e.g. Excel) or manually.<br/>
 [[File:Wind turbine power curve.JPG|border|left|600pxpx|alt=Wind turbine power curve.JPG]]<div style="clear: both"></div>
 To calculate the power output of a wind turbine, check out the following equation:<br/>
-'''P=0.5*ρ*A*v³*Cp*η '''(see also the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VehitPvKKhk video] explanation)<br/>
+'''P=0.5*ρ*A*v³*Cp*η '''(see also the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VehitPvKKhk video] explanation)
 P= power [W]
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 η= system efficiency<br/>
-<br/>
+= System Example: Wind Pump for Irrigation =
-Wind pumps are one of the first applications for using nature’s power to improve agricultural processes. Already in the 9th century, they were used to irrigate fields or to drain the land. Nowadays the technology is mostly used where a grid connection is too far away and wind conditions are steady enough to provide a reliable pumping solution. The design of a wind pump always depends on the application. Firstly, a distinction between mechanical and electrical wind pumps has to be made. Electrical wind pumps normally have the disadvantage of a lower efficiency, but pumps can be placed away from the location of the wind turbine. To choose the right wind turbine considerations about the desired pumping technology and extraction depth have to be made upfront. Centrifugal pumps generally work better with faster rotating wind turbines while piston and diaphragm pumps work better with slow rotating turbines.<br/>
+Wind pumps are one of the first applications for using nature’s power to improve agricultural processes. Already in the 9th century, they were used to irrigate fields or to drain the land. Nowadays the technology is mostly used where a grid connection is too far away and wind conditions are steady enough to provide a reliable pumping solution. The design of a wind pump always depends on the application. Firstly, a distinction between mechanical and electrical wind pumps has to be made. Electrical wind pumps normally have the disadvantage of a lower efficiency, but pumps can be placed away from the location of the wind turbine. To choose the right wind turbine considerations about the desired pumping technology and extraction depth have to be made upfront. Centrifugal pumps generally work better with faster rotating wind turbines while piston and diaphragm pumps work better with slow rotating turbines.
 In off-grid areas, where there is sufficient wind (>5 m/s) and ground water supply, wind pumps often offer a cost-effective method for domestic and community water supply, small-scale irrigation and livestock water use. To select a suitable wind pump, the following information is needed: mean wind speed, total pumping head, daily water requirement, well draw down, water quality and storage requirements.
-= Further Readings<br/> =
+= Further Readings =
 *[[Energy for Agriculture|Energy for Agriculture]]<br/>

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 [[File:Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG|frame|left|300px|alt=Frequency distribution of wind speed.JPG]]<br/>
 The second input for calculating the annual energy yield of a wind turbine is the power curve of the wind turbine . The power&nbsp;curve (diagram below)&nbsp;is specific for every turbine model and normally provided by the manufacturer. It says at which power output the turbine generates which wind speed. When multiplying the hours and the corresponding power output for every wind class (1m/s; 2m/s; 3m/s ...) the result shows the energy production per wind class. To get the annual energy production (AEP) of the turbine,&nbsp;sum up the energy yield (Ei) from every wind speed. These calculations can be done with software support (e.g. Excel) or manually.<br/>
@@ Line 54: / Line 78: @@
 *[http://www.water-energy-food.org/documents/giz/energy-services-for-modern-agriculture.pdf Energy Services for Modern Agriculture]<br/>
 *[[Planning Wind Projects|Guide for planning wind projects]]<br/>
-*Overview of [[Small-Scale_Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]]<br/>
+*Overview of [[Small-Scale Wind|Small-Scale Wind Turbines]]<br/>
-*[[Financing_Aspects_-_Wind_Energy|Financing Aspects - Wind Energy]]<br/>
+*[[Financing Aspects - Wind Energy|Financing Aspects - Wind Energy]]<br/>
 <br/>
 <br/>

Wind Energy in Powering Agriculture - Revision history

Ranisha at 19:21, 14 July 2020

Rebecca Navarro: /* Background */

Janna Schneider: /* Background */

Janna Schneider: /* Background */

Ranisha: /* Further Readings */

Lisafeldmann at 12:18, 13 June 2016

Hector Alfaro at 12:25, 11 May 2016

Ranisha at 13:00, 6 April 2016

Stefan Eibisch at 14:41, 5 April 2016

Stefan Eibisch: Created page with " = Background = Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Using modern technology, i.e. a wind turbine, is no..."

Stefan Eibisch: Created page with " = Background
= Humankind has been using wind energy since ancient times – for sailing, water pumping and grinding. Using modern technology, i.e. a wind turbine, is no..."