Wind Energy - Water Desalination - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2018-09-10T12:54:45Z

Further Information

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2016-09-26T11:18:35Z

Further Information

Lisafeldmann at 12:00, 30 June 2015

2015-06-30T12:00:10Z

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Ranisha at 13:56, 29 August 2014

2014-08-29T13:56:03Z

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Ranisha at 15:54, 12 August 2014

2014-08-12T15:54:20Z

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Wiki Gardener at 14:27, 12 June 2014

2014-06-12T14:27:59Z

Wiki Gardener at 14:27, 12 June 2014

2014-06-12T14:27:13Z

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Wiki Gardener at 14:22, 12 June 2014

2014-06-12T14:22:14Z

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Katharina Wiedemann at 14:26, 16 May 2012

2012-05-16T14:26:46Z

Katharina Wiedemann at 14:23, 16 May 2012

2012-05-16T14:23:39Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 10 September 2018
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	*[[Decentralized_Drinking_Water_Supply\|Decentralized Drinking Water Supply]]<br/>		*[[Decentralized_Drinking_Water_Supply\|Decentralized Drinking Water Supply]]<br/>
	*[[Solar_Water_Purification_in_India\|Solar Water Purification in India]]<br/>		*[[Solar_Water_Purification_in_India\|Solar Water Purification in India]]<br/>
		+	*[[:File:Overview of Solar Seawater Desalination in the MENA Region.pdf\|Overview of Solar Seawater Desalination in the MENA Region]]

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 <br/>[[Wind Energy - Water Desalination#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
 *[[Wind Energy - Introduction|Wind Energy - Introduction]]
 = References =

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 {| border="1" align="center" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 662px"
 |-
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Thermal methods<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Thermal methods<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Market share (2005)<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Market share (2005)<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Membrane methods<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Membrane methods<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Market share (2005)<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Market share (2005)<br/>
 |-
 | Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF)<br/>
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 ! scope="col" | <br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF)<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF)<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | Multi-effect distillation (MED)<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | Multi-effect distillation (MED)<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | MVC<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | MVC<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | RO<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | RO<br/>
-! style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" scope="col" | ED<br/>
+! scope="col" style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | ED<br/>
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 | Primary energy source<br/>
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 <br/>
-=== Operating Modes<br/> ===
+= Operating Modes<br/> =
 Wind-powered water desalination plants can be operated in island mode (with or without an additional supply of electrical energy, for example from a diesel generator set) or in grid-parallel mode. The proposal was therefore made to categorize plant configuration according to the proportion of wind energy in the desalination unit’s total energy consumption <ref>Käufler, Joachim (2006) Wind and Solar-Powered Seawater Desalination, PowerPoint presentation, Synlift Systems GmbH, Berlin</ref>. This would result in systems with a low, medium and high wind penetration rate (extent to which energy needs are met by wind).

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 The underlying principle behind thermal methods is that the raw water is brought to boiling temperature and the condensed steam is separated from the brine. As the boiling point depends on pressure (water evaporates at 100°C under atmospheric pressure), the principle can be applied in several process stages, gradually reducing both pressure and boiling temperature. The lower the pressure, the less thermal energy is needed for evaporation. All thermal desalination methods make use of the thermodynamic principle that the evaporation process can be optimized by reducing pressure and boiling temperature<ref>Wangnick, K. (2001) A Global Overview of Water Desalination Technology and the Perspectives, Wangnick Consulting GmbH, Gnarrenburg</ref><ref>Pacific Institute (2006) Desalination with a Grain of Salt – A California Experience, Oakland, California</ref>.
-''Mechanical vapour compression (MVC)'': Of the various thermal methods, above all vapour compression enters into consideration for wind-powered desalination. As with all the thermal methods, in vapour compression evaporation takes place by reducing the boiling temperature as a result of reducing pressure. However, the process heat required for evaporation is normally generated by a mechanical – electrically operated – compressor and not provided by a steam generator.&nbsp;In addition to mechanical vapour compression plants there are also types known as thermo-compression plants which operate with process steam and use several evaporation stages.
+===== Mechanical vapour compression (MVC) <br/> =====
 Mechanical vapour compression is the only distillation method operated solely with electrical energy. Usually the mechanical plants consist of a single stage, and reach daily capacities of up to 3,000 m<sup>3</sup>. They are considered to be reliable and have low maintenance requirements (no biofouling or scaling), are simple to operate, and require only little additional outlay on pretreatment and post-treatment of the raw water and product water. Their specific power demand (compressor, feed pump) is in the region of 7 - 12 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>.