Tanzania Energy Situation - Revision history

Matthew Matimbwi: /* Solar Energy */

2020-09-01T18:37:46Z

Solar Energy

Matthew Matimbwi: /* Situation Analysis and Framework Conditions */

2020-09-01T18:27:23Z

Situation Analysis and Framework Conditions

Matthew Matimbwi: /* Situation Analysis and Framework Conditions */

2020-09-01T18:23:49Z

Situation Analysis and Framework Conditions

Ranisha: /* Development Organisations */

2020-06-08T13:12:44Z

Development Organisations

Johanna at 16:12, 11 March 2020

2020-03-11T16:12:53Z

Show changes

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 14:44, 27 January 2020

2020-01-27T14:44:51Z

Show changes

Ranisha at 19:50, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T19:50:44Z

Sebastian Sanga at 11:56, 19 December 2016

2016-12-19T11:56:37Z

Show changes

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2016-08-24T14:53:05Z

Further Information

Ranisha at 13:34, 29 July 2016

2016-07-29T13:34:24Z

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 = Renewable Energy<br/> =
 == Solar Energy<br/> ==
-The Tanzanian solar energy sector has been fast growing in recent years and solar products are now a common sight in shops and markets throughout the country. Several factors have contributed to this growth. On the supply side, ever increasing work on research and development have greatly reduced the prices of solar-PV products worldwide. The prominence of China in producing solar panels at mass scale has reduced prices even further. On the demand side, frequent power outages and a high cost for connection to the grid have made Tanzanians consider alternatives to TANESCO, like solar energy. With only 4% of rural households having access to electricity ([http://lightingafrica.org/where-we-work/tanzania/ Lighting Africa, 2013]), there seems to be specific potential for solar solutions in these areas. Past awareness raising campaigns by government and NGOs (like Sida/MEM and UNDP/GEF Mwanza) has helped raise knowledge and understanding of solar products among consumers. The decision by the Government of Tanzania to drop VAT and duties on all solar products has made the solar market very interesting to entrepreneurs and many organisations and commercial institutions dealing in solar products have started their activities in recent years.<br/>
+The Tanzanian solar energy sector has been fast growing in recent years and solar products are now a common sight in shops and markets throughout the country. Several factors have contributed to this growth. On the supply side, ever-increasing work on research and development has greatly reduced the prices of solar-PV products worldwide. The prominence of China in producing solar panels at a mass scale has reduced prices even further.&nbsp; With 65.3% of rural households having access to electricity, there seems to be specific potential for solar solutions in these areas. Past awareness-raising campaigns by government and NGOs (like Sida/MEM and UNDP/GEF Mwanza) has helped raise knowledge and understanding of solar products among consumers. The decision by the Government of Tanzania to drop VAT and East Africa Community to drop duties on principle solar products has made the solar market very interesting to entrepreneurs and many organisations and commercial institutions dealing in solar products have started their activities in recent years.<br/>
 Located in the ‘solar belt’, most parts of Tanzania have abundant solar resources throughout the whole year with the low point occurring in July. The lowest annual average is 15 MJ or 4.2 kWh/m2/day and the highest is 24 MJ or 6.7kWh/m2/day. With such high levels of solar energy resources, Tanzania is naturally suitable for application of solar energy as a viable alternative source for modern energy services supply for rural electrification and in general.<br/>
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 Different types of solar technologies exist, with different market dynamics and technological solutions for each one of them:<br/>
-*Off-Grid Solar Lighting or Pico-Solar Products (1-10W): small, affordable and easy to use - often hand held - products that provide basic lighting and phone charging services to off-grid households<br/>
+*Off-Grid Solar Lighting or Pico-Solar Products (1-10W): small, affordable and easy to use - often handheld - products that provide basic lighting and phone charging services to off-grid households<br/>
-*Solar Home Systems (SHS, 10-200W): a system that includes a solar panel, battery and invertor that can provide a household with electricity for several devices like light bulbs, TV and a small refrigerator. These systems can also be used for institutions like schools and hospitals.<br/>
+*Solar Home Systems (SHS, 10-200W): a system that includes a solar panel, battery and inverter that can provide a household with electricity for several devices like light bulbs, TV and a small refrigerator. These systems can also be used for institutions like schools and hospitals.<br/>
 *Mini-Grids for rural electrification: system with several large solar panels, that provides electricity to a number of households in a rural community.
 *Solar for power generation: large solar systems set up to contribute electricity to the national grid.<br/>
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 === Off-Grid Solar Lighting or Pico-Solar Products<br/> ===
-In recent years, many small scale solar lighting products have entered the Tanzanian market. These off-grid lighting products or systems that are stand-alone, rechargeable and can be installed, assembled and used easily without requiring assistance from a technician have come to be known as ‘pico-solar’ products. They range from solar lanterns to small solar home systems (SMS), from 5 up to 100 euros in price and typically consist of a small solar panel, a rechargeable battery and an LED bulb. Entry level pico-solar products can only be used for lighting, but the more advanced systems also offer phone charging services. Because of the affordability and ease of use of these products, they are very well suited for rural off-grid households and can serve as an ideal replacement for kerosene lamps that are currently being used for lighting in most Tanzanian rural households. The solar lights can also give school children the chance to study in the evening.<br/>
+In recent years, many small scale solar lighting products have entered the Tanzanian market. These off-grid lighting products or systems that are stand-alone, rechargeable and can be installed, assembled and used easily without requiring assistance from a technician have come to be known as ‘pico-solar’ products. They range from solar lanterns to small solar home systems (SMS), from 5 up to 100 euros in price and typically consist of a small solar panel, a rechargeable battery and an LED bulb. Entry-level pico-solar products can only be used for lighting, but the more advanced systems also offer phone charging services. Because of the affordability and ease of use of these products, they are very well suited for rural off-grid households and can serve as an ideal replacement for kerosene lamps that are currently being used for lighting in most Tanzanian rural households. The solar lights can also give school children the chance to study in the evening.<br/>
 Some general observations about the off-grid solar lighting sector in Tanzania:
-*There is high willingness to acquire solar lighting products among rural Tanzanian household, especially when the device can also be used for phone charging.
+*There is a high willingness to acquire solar lighting products among rural Tanzanian household, especially when the device can also be used for phone charging.
-*General awareness about the products varies between different parts of the country, depending on awareness raising campaigns about solar PV that have been undertaken previously.
+*General awareness about the products varies between different parts of the country, depending on awareness-raising campaigns about solar PV that have been undertaken previously.
 *VAT and duty exemptions are in place for all solar products in Tanzania, making it a viable and attractive market for suppliers and retailers.
-*Main concern is the huge influx of poor quality or fake solar products to the local markets throughout the country.
+*The main concern is the huge influx of poor quality or fake solar products to the local markets throughout the country.
-*Distribution of fairly priced, high quality solar lighting products to off-grid communities is lacking.<br/>
+*Distribution of fairly priced, high-quality solar lighting products to off-grid communities is lacking.<br/>
-*After sales services and warranty systems are often not in place or impossible to access for off-grid households.<br/>
+*After-sales services and warranty systems are often not in place or impossible to access for off-grid households.<br/>
 Many of these issues are being addressed by Lighting Africa.<br/>
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 '''[http://lightingafrica.org/ Lighting Africa]'''<br/>
-Lighting Africa is a joint initiative of IFC and the World Bank that aims to accelerate the development of markets for clean off-grid lighting products in sub-Saharan Africa. The program mobilizes the private sector to build sustainable markets that will provide millions of people in Africa not connected to grid electricity with clean, affordable, quality lighting products, most of which are solar powered.<br/>
+Lighting Africa is a joint initiative of IFC and the World Bank that aims to accelerate the development of markets for clean off-grid lighting products in sub-Saharan Africa. The program mobilizes the private sector to build sustainable markets that will provide millions of people in Africa not connected to grid electricity with clean, affordable, quality lighting products, most of which are solar-powered.<br/>
 The Lighting Africa program was launched in September 2007 with the goal of catalysing markets for clean, modern off-grid lighting products to light up the homes and businesses of 250 million people by 2030. The program is active in Tanzania and 10 other countries in Africa and has to date contributed to more than 7.7 million people across Africa enjoying clean, affordable, solar-powered lighting.<br/>
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 '''Uzi Solar PV project'''
-The [[Tanzania: Best Practice Case Studies#Uzi Solar PV project.2C Tanzania|Tanzania:Best Practice Case Studies Uzi solar PV project]] started with baseline data collection on existing energy options, analysis of average household energy demands and feasible power <span style="font-family: monospace"></span>options for the island. Solar PV system happened to be more relevant for the island. Fifty households were identified to participate in a pilot project. These households were divided into groups of 5 and each group provided with a 120 Wp solar PV module, a 10 A charge controller and <span style="font-family: monospace"></span>an inverter. The households were responsible for buying their individual batteries. The houses were supposed to be within 300 metres from the selected central household where the module was installed. Each household was designated one day per week to charge its battery and return to connect it to his household circuit. The energy in the battery was enough to take them through out the week. For customers with televisions, they are allowed to charge two days a week<ref name="Best practice">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: VII - Best Practice Case Studies. </ref>.<br/>
+[[Tanzania: Best Practice Case Studies#Uzi Solar PV project.2C Tanzania|Tanzania: Best Practice Case Studies Uzi solar PV project]] started with baseline data collection on existing energy options, analysis of average household energy demands and feasible power <span style="font-family: monospace"></span>options for the island. Solar PV system happened to be more relevant for the island. Fifty households were identified to participate in a pilot project. These households were divided into groups of 5 and each group provided with a 120 Wp solar PV module, a 10 A charge controller and <span style="font-family: monospace"></span>an inverter. The households were responsible for buying their individual batteries. The houses were supposed to be within 300 metres from the selected central household where the module was installed. Each household was designated one day per week to charge its battery and return to connect it to his household circuit. The energy in the battery was enough to take them throughout the week. For customers with televisions, they are allowed to charge two days a week<ref name="Best practice">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: VII - Best Practice Case Studies. </ref>.<br/>
 For more information on the impacts and benefits of the project, click [[Tanzania: Best Practice Case Studies|here]].
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 <br/>
 == Hydropower<br/> ==

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 |CES Country Coordinates=6.3070° S, 34.8540° E
 }}
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 Tanzania has abundant and diverse indigenous energy resources which are yet to be fully exploited. The sources include; wood fuel and other biomass fuels, hydropower, natural gas, coal, uranium, wind, geothermal and solar<ref name="Energy resource">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: II - Energy Resource. </ref>.
-Tanzania’s energy supply depends mainly on biomass. 78.4% of the total population have access to the grid electricity while households connected are 37.7%. The households electrified by solar photovoltaic technology are 30.4% [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].&nbsp; <br/>
+Tanzania’s energy supply depends mainly on biomass. 78.4% of the total population have access to the grid electricity while households connected are 37.7%. The households electrified by solar photovoltaic technology are 30.4% [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].&nbsp;<br/>
 As a total, biomass makes up close to 90%&nbsp; of the total primary energy consumption in Tanzania. Unfortunately, this leads to the deforestation of 100,000 h per year, of which only about a quarter is reforested.<ref>Boylan, Jessie: Addressing Energy Crisis Through Alternatives and Efficiency at Household Level. International Press Service News Agency. http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=49876</ref>&nbsp;63.5% of the households in Tanzania Mainland use firewood as the main source of energy for cooking, followed by charcoal 26.2%, liquified petroleum gas 5.1% and electricity 3.0%. Other cooking energy comprises of 2.2% [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].<br/>
-Other energy sources are petroleum, which makes up 7.8% of total primary energy consumption, natural gas (2.4%), hydropower (1.2%) and coal/peat (0.3%).<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref> About 6.6 per cent of primary energy needs to be imported, primarily from Uganda (17 MW), Zambia (8 MW), and Kenya (1 MW) [Ministry of Energy June 2020]<ref>Frey, L. (2009). Business Guide Erneuerbare Energien Tansania. Berlin: GTZ, p.23</ref><ref name="Energy resource">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: II - Energy Resource. </ref>.
+Other energy sources are petroleum, which makes up 7.8% of total primary energy consumption, natural gas (2.4%), hydropower (1.2%) and coal/peat (0.3%).<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref> About 6.6 per cent of primary energy needs to be imported, primarily from Uganda (17 MW), Zambia (8 MW), and Kenya (1 MW) [Ministry of Energy June 2020].
-Electricity makes up only 0.6% of total energy consumption.<ref>The United Republic of Tanzania: National Website. http://www.tanzania.go.tz/energyf.html</ref> In 2008, 4,414 GWh of grid electricity was generated in Tanzania, of which 2,655 GWh from hydropower, 1600 GWh from natural gas, 119 GWh from coal and 40 GWh from petroleum. Total installed capacity amounted to 1,219 MW, of which 561 MW was hydropower and 658 MW thermal power.<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref>&nbsp;The installed capacity by 2019 was 1565.72MW consisting of hydro 573.70MW, natural gas 892.72MW, liquid fuel 88.80MW and biomass 10.50MW [Ministry of Energy June 2020].
+Electricity makes up only 0.6% of total energy consumption.<ref>The United Republic of Tanzania: National Website. http://www.tanzania.go.tz/energyf.html</ref> In 2008, 4,414 GWh of grid electricity was generated in Tanzania, of which 2,655 GWh from hydropower, 1600 GWh from natural gas, 119 GWh from coal and 40 GWh from petroleum. Total installed capacity amounted to 1,219 MW, of which 561 MW was hydropower and 658 MW thermal power.&nbsp;The installed capacity by 2019 was 1565.72MW consisting of hydro 573.70MW, natural gas 892.72MW, liquid fuel 88.80MW and biomass 10.50MW [Ministry of Energy June 2020].
 So far 73.2% of urban and 24.5% of rural areas are electrified [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].

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 |CES Country Coordinates=6.3070° S, 34.8540° E
 }}
 = Situation Analysis and Framework Conditions<br/> =
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 Tanzania has abundant and diverse indigenous energy resources which are yet to be fully exploited. The sources include; wood fuel and other biomass fuels, hydropower, natural gas, coal, uranium, wind, geothermal and solar<ref name="Energy resource">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: II - Energy Resource. </ref>.
-Tanzania’s energy supply depends mainly on biomass. Since 85-90% of the population are not connected to the electricity grid, the overwhelming majority of households use wood and charcoal for cooking. As a total, biomass makes up close to 90% of the total primary energy consumption in Tanzania. Unfortunately, this leads to the deforestation of 100,000 h per year, of which only about a quarter is reforested.<ref>Boylan, Jessie: Addressing Energy Crisis Through Alternatives and Efficiency at Household Level. International Press Service News Agency. http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=49876</ref> Other energy sources are petroleum, which makes up 7.8% of total primary energy consumption, natural gas (2.4%), hydropower (1.2%) and coal/peat (0.3%).<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref> About 6.6 percent of primary energy needs to be imported, primarily from Uganda (8 MW) and Zambia (5 MW)<ref>Frey, L. (2009). Business Guide Erneuerbare Energien Tansania. Berlin: GTZ, p.23</ref><ref name="Energy resource">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: II - Energy Resource. </ref>.
+Tanzania’s energy supply depends mainly on biomass. 78.4% of the total population have access to the grid electricity while households connected are 37.7%. The households electrified by solar photovoltaic technology are 30.4% [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].&nbsp; <br/>
-Electricity makes up only 0.6% of total energy consumption.<ref>The United Republic of Tanzania: National Website. http://www.tanzania.go.tz/energyf.html</ref> In 2008, 4,414 GWh of electricity were generated in Tanzania, of which 2,655 GWh from hydropower, 1600 GWh from natural gas, 119 GWh from coal and 40 GWh from petroleum. Total installed capacity amounted to 1,219 MW, of which 561 MW was hydropower and 658 MW thermal power.<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref>
+Other energy sources are petroleum, which makes up 7.8% of total primary energy consumption, natural gas (2.4%), hydropower (1.2%) and coal/peat (0.3%).<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref> About 6.6 per cent of primary energy needs to be imported, primarily from Uganda (17 MW), Zambia (8 MW), and Kenya (1 MW) [Ministry of Energy June 2020]<ref>Frey, L. (2009). Business Guide Erneuerbare Energien Tansania. Berlin: GTZ, p.23</ref><ref name="Energy resource">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: II - Energy Resource. </ref>.
-Out of Tanzania's 41.5 million inhabitants, so far only 12 percent of urban and 2 percent of rural areas are electrified, which means that less than 10 percent have access to grid-based electricity or other forms of commercial electricity.The national electricity connectivity is about 14%; though, it is expected that electricity demand will triple by 2020<ref>Magessa, F. (2005). Contribution of Tanzania GVEP Activities in Achieving Millennium Development Goals. Retrieved October 27, 2010 from http://deafrica.net/workshops/Tanzania%201/Tanzania%20GVEP.ppt</ref>. On the supply side, TANESCO increased connections by almost 66,000 in 2010 bringing the total number of it's customers to 868,953 by the end of 2010. REA currently (2011) implements grid extension projects initially benefiting 20,000 new customers. <span style="line-height: normal" class="Apple-style-span"><ref>Final report on joint energy sector review for 2010/2011. MEM, Dar es Salaam, September 2011</ref></span><span style="line-height: normal" class="Apple-style-span">In the current setting demand will therefore even more outpace supply.</span>
+Electricity makes up only 0.6% of total energy consumption.<ref>The United Republic of Tanzania: National Website. http://www.tanzania.go.tz/energyf.html</ref> In 2008, 4,414 GWh of grid electricity was generated in Tanzania, of which 2,655 GWh from hydropower, 1600 GWh from natural gas, 119 GWh from coal and 40 GWh from petroleum. Total installed capacity amounted to 1,219 MW, of which 561 MW was hydropower and 658 MW thermal power.<ref>International Energy Agency: Beyond the OECD. Tanzania, United Republic of. http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=TZ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Submit=Submit</ref>&nbsp;The installed capacity by 2019 was 1565.72MW consisting of hydro 573.70MW, natural gas 892.72MW, liquid fuel 88.80MW and biomass 10.50MW [Ministry of Energy June 2020].
-Moreover, Tanzania’s electricity sector faces another important challenge since it is heavily dependent on hydropower, which means that energy provision cannot be ascertained in times of drought.
+So far 73.2% of urban and 24.5% of rural areas are electrified [Rural Energy Agency April 2020].
-This was clearly visible in the years 2010/2011, where recurring droughts effectively removed around 420 MW from a system of around 900 MW, forcing the country to endure a programme of load shedding coupled with unplanned outages. With consequently suppressed sales the countries' utility TANESCO financial situation became increasingly parlous (on top of economic losses for non productivity to the country as a whole).This led to the design of an 572 MW Emergency Power Plan at the end of 2011, to be fully fueled by liquid fossil fuels (HFO, JetA1, diesel) at (fuel) costs varying from 30-43 ct/kWh. These are to be financed by TANESCO tariff revenues and through government guaranteed loans, leading to an increasing weaker financial position of TANESCO. There is quite some critique on the EPP because it does not take into account planned natural gas supply projects, dispersed capacity owned by the private sector, and power projects to be commissioned already in the short and medium term. In general there is a disconnect between expected power demand (both unconstrained -1089 MW- and constrained) and the total generation capacity (1855 MW) proposed by the EPP.<ref>Final report on joint energy sector review for 2010/2011. MEM, Dar es Salaam, September 2011</ref>
+<br/>
 <br/>
 [[Tanzania Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 = Problem Situation<br/> =

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 <br/>
-Several national and international development organisations and NGOs are active in the (renewable) energy sector in Tanzania. In this sub-section, a list of some of the main development organisations is given, as well as a short description of the services they deliver.
+== Development Organisations<br/> ==
-<br/>
+Several national and international development organisations and NGOs are active in the (renewable) energy sector in Tanzania. In this sub-section, a list of some of the main development organisations is given, as well as a short description of the services they deliver.<br/>
 *[http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/tanzania/ ADfB]: Rural Energy Master Plan
 *[http://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/347.html GIZ]
-The newly established Sustainable Energy Programme began operations in 2014. GIZ focuses on the three pillars of renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy sector regulation. In all three fields, advisory services are provided to Tanzanian partners and stakeholders, in particular Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM), Rural Energy Agency (REA), as well as the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA). They are intended to contribute to a better handling of key sector challenges, in particular improved energy sector management and planning capacities, a more balanced future energy mix, as well as enabling institutional, legislative and regulatory framework conditions to facilitate increased private sector engagement and investments. Advice is also being provided to MEM on governance issues relating to the increasing exploitation of the large offshore natural gas fields.
+The newly established Sustainable Energy Programme began operations in 2014. GIZ focuses on the three pillars of renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy sector regulation. In all three fields, advisory services are provided to Tanzanian partners and stakeholders, in particular Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM), Rural Energy Agency (REA), as well as the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA). They are intended to contribute to a better handling of key sector challenges, in particular improved energy sector management and planning capacities, a more balanced future energy mix, as well as enabling institutional, legislative and regulatory framework conditions to facilitate increased private sector engagement and investments. Advice is also being provided to MEM on governance issues relating to the increasing exploitation of the large offshore natural gas fields.<br/>
 *[http://www.gvepinternational.org/en/category/free-tags/tanzania GVEP]: approach to accelerate pace and scope of enery interventions to improve access to energy services
-*[http://www.sida.se/English/Countries-and-regions/Africa/Tanzania/Programmes-and-projects1/Greener-electricity-for-rural-Tanzania/ Sida]: implements a five-year project for developing the PV market in rural areas<br/>
+*[http://www.sida.se/English/Countries-and-regions/Africa/Tanzania/Programmes-and-projects1/Greener-electricity-for-rural-Tanzania/ Sida]: implements a five-year project for developing the PV market in rural areas.&nbsp; Sida along with the Rural Electrification Authorithy estimated that round 1 of their Green Mini-grid program in Tanzanian has led to 15,000 new connections and more than 1 MW of newly installed capacity of RE<ref>5 years on from the launch of Green Mini-Grids Africa – what’s been achieved, and what have we learned?May 2020.https://minigrids.org/5-years-on-from-the-launch-of-green-mini-grids-africa-whats-been-achieved-and-what-have-we-learned/</ref>.<br/>
 *[http://www.snvworld.org/en/countries/tanzania/our-work/renewable-energy SNV (Netherlands Development Organisation)]
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 = Policy Framework =

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 {{CES Country|CES Country Name=Tanzania
 |CES Country Capital=Dodoma
-|CES Country Region=Africa
+|CES Country Region Africa = Sub-Saharan Africa
 |CES Country Coordinates=6.3070° S, 34.8540° E
 }}

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 = Further Information<br/> =
-*[[:File::File:Tanzania_country_report.pdf|Tanzania country report.pdf]]
+*[[:File:Tanzania country report.pdf|Tanzania country report.pdf]]
 *Ministry of Energy and Minerals (2003), [http://tatedo.org/cms/images/publications/reports/energypolicy.pdf Energy Policy of Tanzania] Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
 *Mr. Shilogile, (2007), A PAPER ON STATUS OF ENERGY MAIN STREAMING IN THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM: Presented at energy mainstreaming in regional and district programmes and projects workshop held in Kigoma on 18th – 20th July 2007.
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 [[Tanzania Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 = References =

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