Socio-economic impact of access to energy - Revision history

Joanna Walther: /* Further Information */

2018-09-19T17:46:55Z

Further Information

Johanna at 08:42, 4 September 2018

2018-09-04T08:42:52Z

Ranisha at 14:40, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:40:05Z

Ranisha at 14:36, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:36:33Z

Ranisha at 14:35, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:35:39Z

Ranisha at 14:30, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:30:08Z

Ranisha at 14:11, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:11:10Z

Ranisha at 19:17, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T19:17:03Z

Pia Lovengreen Alessi at 14:37, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T14:37:49Z

Johanna at 13:00, 10 April 2018

2018-04-10T13:00:54Z

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 '''Bureaucratic red tape''' and '''credit constraints''' are all real obstacles to access. In many developing countries, [[Role of Regulation in Energy Access|it takes months to get connected once a commitment has been made]]. Furthermore, even highly subsidized connections are not affordable for many poor households. If access is obtained, despite these initial challenges, then '''low grid reliability''' and '''lack of appropriate after-sale support '''become the next challenges. It is indeed very possible that the measured economic development would increase if these challenges were addressed.
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 46: / Line 47: @@
 *[[:Category:Impacts Economic|Economic Impacts]]
 *[[:Category:Impacts Social|Social Impacts]]
-*[[Economic_Impact_of_Energy_Access_on_Individuals_and_the_Community|Economic Impact of Energy Access on Individuals and the Community]]
+*[[Economic Impact of Energy Access on Individuals and the Community|Economic Impact of Energy Access on Individuals and the Community]]
 = References =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Access on the development agenda =
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 &nbsp;
-== Correlation between energy access and development at macro-level <br/> ==
+== Correlation between energy access and development at macro-level<br/> ==
 A positive correlation between '''energy consumption''' and '''economic development''', as measured by income levels or by some broader indicator such as the Human Development Index (HDI), has long been observed. Such macro-level correlations have a typical profile: at the lowest level of both indicators, energy consumption and income or HDI, large increases in the latter are associated to small increases in the former: the poor are indeed very efficient in using energy. Then, along with increasing income and welfare, energy consumption accelerates more than proportionally.
-[[File:Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development.png|center|400px|border|Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development|alt=Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development]]
+[[File:Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development.png|border|center|400px|Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development|alt=Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development]]
 <p style="text-align: center">Figure 1: Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development<ref name="Productive Use of Energy – PRODUSE Measuring Impacts of Electrification on Small and Micro-Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2015 https://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/ESMAP_GIZ_BMZ_AEI_PRODUSE_Study_FullText_Optimized_0.pdf">Productive Use of Energy – PRODUSE Measuring Impacts of Electrification on Small and Micro-Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2015 https://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/ESMAP_GIZ_BMZ_AEI_PRODUSE_Study_FullText_Optimized_0.pdf</ref></p>
 This correlation leaves an open question on causality. Is energy consumption a mere consequence of increasing GDP or is it an essential component in the overall growth of income and welfare, along with other factors such as investment in transport infrastructure, agricultural improvements, increased education, etc.?
@@ Line 30: / Line 31: @@
 == Long-term benefits usually not accounted for&nbsp; ==
-[[file:New light to the villages of Senegal.png|right|250px|New light to the villages of Senegal]]
-Long-term benefits of electrification are usually not accounted for in studies, as these are usually limited in time frame to around two years at best. However, the '''medium and long-term impact '''that electrification has on a community, in terms of '''increased political awareness''' and '''improved educational standards''', can take years if not decades to manifest. It is not uncommon, for example, that it is the children of a household that have the greatest advantage from electrification. It is a process whereby time-consuming drudgery is &nbsp;reduced, allowing children to attend school, study with proper lighting in the evening, become more socially and politically aware and eventually establish themselves with jobs which will allow them to provide their children further improved conditions. This is a cycle that takes decades, but constantly increases socio-economic development and overall well-being.
+[[File:New light to the villages of Senegal.png|right|250px|New light to the villages of Senegal|alt=New light to the villages of Senegal]] Long-term benefits of electrification are usually not accounted for in studies, as these are usually limited in time frame to around two years at best. However, the '''medium and long-term impact '''that electrification has on a community, in terms of '''increased political awareness''' and '''improved educational standards''', can take years if not decades to manifest. It is not uncommon, for example, that it is the children of a household that have the greatest advantage from electrification. It is a process whereby time-consuming drudgery is &nbsp;reduced, allowing children to attend school, study with proper lighting in the evening, become more socially and politically aware and eventually establish themselves with jobs which will allow them to provide their children further improved conditions. This is a cycle that takes decades, but constantly increases socio-economic development and overall well-being.
 == Other obstacles<br/> ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 *[[:Category:Impacts Economic|Economic Impacts]]
 *[[:Category:Impacts Social|Social Impacts]]
 = References =
@@ Line 57: / Line 59: @@
 &nbsp; {{Access_Footer}}<br/>
-<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Written by:&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/ Pia Lovengreen Alessi]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/universal-access-energy/ Florence School of Regulation]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>[http://www.wame2015.org/ World Access to Modern Energy]
+<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">Written by:&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/ Pia Lovengreen Alessi]<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">,&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/universal-access-energy/ Florence School of Regulation]<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>[http://www.wame2015.org/ World Access to Modern Energy]
 [[Category:Impacts]]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 == Long-term benefits usually not accounted for&nbsp; ==
+[[file:New light to the villages of Senegal.png|right|250px|New light to the villages of Senegal]]
 Long-term benefits of electrification are usually not accounted for in studies, as these are usually limited in time frame to around two years at best. However, the '''medium and long-term impact '''that electrification has on a community, in terms of '''increased political awareness''' and '''improved educational standards''', can take years if not decades to manifest. It is not uncommon, for example, that it is the children of a household that have the greatest advantage from electrification. It is a process whereby time-consuming drudgery is &nbsp;reduced, allowing children to attend school, study with proper lighting in the evening, become more socially and politically aware and eventually establish themselves with jobs which will allow them to provide their children further improved conditions. This is a cycle that takes decades, but constantly increases socio-economic development and overall well-being.

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 = Further Information =
 *[[:Portal:Impacts|Impact Portal]]
@@ Line 57: / Line 59: @@
 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Written by:&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/ Pia Lovengreen Alessi]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/universal-access-energy/ Florence School of Regulation]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>[http://www.wame2015.org/ World Access to Modern Energy]
 [[Category:Impacts_Social]]

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 == Other obstacles<br/> ==
-'''Bureaucratic red tape''' and '''credit constraints''' are all real obstacles to access. In many developing countries, it takes months to get connected once a commitment has been made. Furthermore, even highly subsidized connections are not affordable for many poor households. If access is obtained, despite these initial challenges, then '''low grid reliability''' and l'''ack of appropriate after-sale support '''become the next challenges. It is indeed very possible that the measured economic development would increase if these challenges were addressed.
+'''Bureaucratic red tape''' and '''credit constraints''' are all real obstacles to access. In many developing countries, [[Role of Regulation in Energy Access|it takes months to get connected once a commitment has been made]]. Furthermore, even highly subsidized connections are not affordable for many poor households. If access is obtained, despite these initial challenges, then '''low grid reliability''' and '''lack of appropriate after-sale support '''become the next challenges. It is indeed very possible that the measured economic development would increase if these challenges were addressed.
 = Further Information =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Access on the development agenda =
-Access to energy has recently taken a prominent place in the development agenda. It has been placed in a clear position among the '''Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the Agenda 2030'''. SDG number 7 is “to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern energy for all by 2030”. Electrification is certainly nothing new. It has indeed served as a key benchmark for economic development and social progress since the 1930s.
+[[:portal:Energy Access|Access to energy]] has recently taken a prominent place in the development agenda. It has been placed in a clear position among the '''[[Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals|Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)]] of the Agenda 2030'''. SDG number 7 is “to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern energy for all by 2030”. Electrification is certainly nothing new. It has indeed served as a key benchmark for economic development and social progress since the 1930s.
-Yet energy was not on the shorter list of the 8 Millennium Development Goals set in the year 2000. '''The Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All)''' forum was set up by the UN in 2011, undoubtedly paving the way to the SDG7 four years later.
+Yet energy was not on the shorter list of the [[Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)|8 Millennium Development Goals]] set in the year 2000. '''The Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All)''' forum was set up by the UN in 2011, undoubtedly paving the way to the SDG7 four years later.
 The importance of the provision of energy is furthermore underlined in the key role it has in the delivery of many of the other SDGs, including those regarding '''gender equality''', '''poverty''' and '''hunger reduction''', '''provision of clean water''', '''sanitation''' and '''climate mitigation'''.
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Written by:&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/ Pia Lovengreen Alessi]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/universal-access-energy/ Florence School of Regulation]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>[http://www.wame2015.org/ World Access to Modern Energy]
 [[Category:Impacts]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= ACCESS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA =
+= Access on the development agenda =
-Access to energy has recently taken a prominent place in the development agenda. It has been placed in a clear position among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the Agenda 2030. SDG number 7 is “to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern energy for all by 2030”. Electrification is certainly nothing new. It has indeed served as a key benchmark for economic development and social progress since the 1930s.
+Access to energy has recently taken a prominent place in the development agenda. It has been placed in a clear position among the '''Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the Agenda 2030'''. SDG number 7 is “to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern energy for all by 2030”. Electrification is certainly nothing new. It has indeed served as a key benchmark for economic development and social progress since the 1930s.
-Yet energy was not on the shorter list of the 8 Millennium Development Goals set in the year 2000. The Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) forum was set up by the UN in 2011, undoubtedly paving the way to the SDG7 four years later.
+Yet energy was not on the shorter list of the 8 Millennium Development Goals set in the year 2000. '''The Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All)''' forum was set up by the UN in 2011, undoubtedly paving the way to the SDG7 four years later.
-The importance of the provision of energy is furthermore underlined in the key role it has in the delivery of many of the other SDGs, including those regarding gender equality, poverty and hunger reduction, provision of clean water, sanitation and climate mitigation.
+The importance of the provision of energy is furthermore underlined in the key role it has in the delivery of many of the other SDGs, including those regarding '''gender equality''', '''poverty''' and '''hunger reduction''', '''provision of clean water''', '''sanitation''' and '''climate mitigation'''.
 &nbsp;
-= CORRELATION BETWEEN ENERGY ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT AT MACRO-LEVEL =
+== Correlation between energy access and development at macro-level <br/> ==
-A positive correlation between energy consumption and economic development, as measured by income levels or by some broader indicator such as the Human Development Index (HDI), has long been observed. Such macro-level correlations have a typical profile: at the lowest level of both indicators, energy consumption and income or HDI, large increases in the latter are associated to small increases in the former: the poor are indeed very efficient in using energy. Then, along with increasing income and welfare, energy consumption accelerates more than proportionally.
+A positive correlation between '''energy consumption''' and '''economic development''', as measured by income levels or by some broader indicator such as the Human Development Index (HDI), has long been observed. Such macro-level correlations have a typical profile: at the lowest level of both indicators, energy consumption and income or HDI, large increases in the latter are associated to small increases in the former: the poor are indeed very efficient in using energy. Then, along with increasing income and welfare, energy consumption accelerates more than proportionally.
 [[File:Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development.png|center|400px|Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development|alt=Macrolevel Correlation Electricity and Human Development]]
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 &nbsp;
-= CORRELATION BETWEEN ENERGY ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT AT MICRO-LEVEL =
+== Correlation between energy access and development at micro-level ==
-Causal relations can be observed at the micro level. They illustrate clear examples of positive impacts of energy access on various aspects of life that belong in the overall concept of economic and social development, even if they are often not included in short-term measures of income.
+'''Causal relations can be observed at the micro level'''. They illustrate clear examples of positive impacts of energy access on various aspects of life that belong in the overall concept of economic and social development, even if they are often not included in short-term measures of income.
 It is not uncommon that households relying on biomass for cooking dedicate several hours each day collecting firewood, and several hours cooking with inefficient stoves, a burden that largely falls on women and children. It is clear that if this time were allocated differently and access to modern energy allowed women to invest in income generating activities or education, they would be able to improve their overall well-being.
-Equally positive examples are evident in the field of electricity. Access to electricity allows improvements in health services, schools, pumping water for human usage and for irrigation, artisanal shops, etc. Access to energy in communities increases overall productivity and creates jobs.
+Equally positive examples are evident in the field of electricity. Access to electricity allows improvements in '''health services''', '''schools''', '''pumping water''' for human usage and for irrigation, '''artisanal shops''', etc. Access to energy in communities increases overall productivity and creates jobs.
 &nbsp;
-= LONG-TERM BENEFITS USUALLY NOT ACCOUNTED FOR&nbsp; =
+== Long-term benefits usually not accounted for&nbsp; ==
-Long-term benefits of electrification are usually not accounted for in studies, as these are usually limited in time frame to around two years at best. However, the medium and long-term impact that electrification has on a community, in terms of increased political awareness and improved educational standards, can take years if not decades to manifest. It is not uncommon, for example, that it is the children of a household that have the greatest advantage from electrification. It is a process whereby time-consuming drudgery is &nbsp;reduced, allowing children to attend school, study with proper lighting in the evening, become more socially and politically aware and eventually establish themselves with jobs which will allow them to provide their children further improved conditions. This is a cycle that takes decades, but constantly increases socio-economic development and overall well-being.
+Long-term benefits of electrification are usually not accounted for in studies, as these are usually limited in time frame to around two years at best. However, the '''medium and long-term impact '''that electrification has on a community, in terms of '''increased political awareness''' and '''improved educational standards''', can take years if not decades to manifest. It is not uncommon, for example, that it is the children of a household that have the greatest advantage from electrification. It is a process whereby time-consuming drudgery is &nbsp;reduced, allowing children to attend school, study with proper lighting in the evening, become more socially and politically aware and eventually establish themselves with jobs which will allow them to provide their children further improved conditions. This is a cycle that takes decades, but constantly increases socio-economic development and overall well-being.
 &nbsp;
-= OTHER OBSTACLES<br/> =
+== Other obstacles<br/> ==
-Bureaucratic red tape and credit constraints are all real obstacles to access. In many developing countries, it takes months to get connected once a commitment has been made. Furthermore, even highly subsidized connections are not affordable for many poor households. If access is obtained, despite these initial challenges, then low grid reliability and lack of appropriate after-sale support become the next challenges. It is indeed very possible that the measured economic development would increase if these challenges were addressed.
+'''Bureaucratic red tape''' and '''credit constraints''' are all real obstacles to access. In many developing countries, it takes months to get connected once a commitment has been made. Furthermore, even highly subsidized connections are not affordable for many poor households. If access is obtained, despite these initial challenges, then '''low grid reliability''' and l'''ack of appropriate after-sale support '''become the next challenges. It is indeed very possible that the measured economic development would increase if these challenges were addressed.
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 &nbsp; {{Access_Footer}}<br/>
-This article is written by [http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/|Pia Lovengreen Alessi] Research Associate, [http://fsr.eui.eu/climate/ Florence School of Regulation Climate], [http://www.wame2015.org/|World World Access to Modern Energy], 2018
+<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Written by:&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/people/pia-lovengreen-alessi/ Pia Lovengreen Alessi]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span>[http://fsr.eui.eu/universal-access-energy/ Florence School of Regulation]<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>[http://www.wame2015.org/ World Access to Modern Energy]
 [[Category:Impacts]]