Parking Management: A Contribution Towards Liveable Cities - Revision history

Ranisha at 13:31, 20 August 2014

2014-08-20T13:31:45Z

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Wiki Gardener at 17:34, 7 August 2014

2014-08-07T17:34:19Z

Bui Anh Ngoc at 01:19, 15 May 2013

2013-05-15T01:19:29Z

Bui Anh Ngoc: /* Aligning the Parking Policy with a General Transportation Demand Management Strategy */

2013-05-15T00:35:18Z

Aligning the Parking Policy with a General Transportation Demand Management Strategy

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions */

2013-04-15T13:26:42Z

Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions */

2013-04-15T13:26:05Z

Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions */

2013-04-15T13:24:57Z

Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:10, 15 April 2013

2013-04-15T12:10:23Z

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Bui Anh Ngoc: /* Further Information */

2013-04-12T05:06:00Z

Further Information

Katharina Wiedemann at 14:58, 11 April 2013

2013-04-11T14:58:46Z

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-= Introduction<br/> =
+= Overview<br/> =
 This article has been adapted from the [http://www.sutp.org/en-sourcebook GIZ Sourcebook on Parking Management: A Contribution Towards Liveable Cities]. <ref>Tom Rye 2010, Parking Management: A Contribution Towards Liveable Cities, Eschborn, Germany </ref>
 == Why is parking so important?<br/> ==
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 *Commuters are last in line for access to on-street parking especially, because they are seen to contribute most to rush hour congestion.
 *Deliveries also need kerbspace which means giving them access to the kerb at some time of day, although this can be negotiated – it might be at night, or early in the morning<br/>
 <br/>
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 '''Stage 1''' – no problems, available parking space is gradually used up.<br/>'''Stage 2''' – as demand starts to exceed supply in certain streets, so regulations are introduced in those streets. Parking may be prohibited in some locations, more clearly marked in others.<br/>'''Stage 3''' – as demand further increases, some form of time limit is introduced in towns and city centres, in order to increase the turnover of spaces so that they are more likely to be used by shoppers and visitors, and less by commuters. Disc parking or signed zones may be the initial method used to stimulate turnover, but pricing may then be introduced to further manage the parking stock. Underground and/or off-street parking may also be built at this stage to supplement and replace on-street parking.<br/>'''Stage 4''' – commuters are pushed into surrounding areas. Competition with residents for parking space develops. Residents’ zones are introduced to deal with this.<br/>'''Stage 5''' – more and more differentiation of parking tariffs is introduced to target different groups, and to encourage use by one group more than another.<br/>'''Stage 6''' – development of park and ride facilities on edge of town.<br/>'''Stage 7''' – inclusion of parking in transport demand management.<br/>
 <br/>
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 As elaborated, parking management is one powerful tool to address urban development objectives and in that sense to address transport demand. However, it is only one tool among many others. In order to maximise the impact of parking management, the objectives and elements of the parking management strategy need to be closely aligned with other elements of the general '''[[Transportation Demand Management|Transportation Demand Management (TDM)]]''' strategy. Parking management measures can act as PUSH-factors to support the shift to public transport and to avoid unnecessary trips.
 <br/>
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 *Make sure that traffic to and from the entrances and exits to the car park does not cause congestion, especially for public transport.
 *Once the car park is open, reduce/remove on-street parking to compensate, especially in areas where people searching for car parking and manoeuvring into spaces was causing congestion.
 <br/>
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 The key point to remember about enforcement is that it can and does improve. Some political will is required but it is normally the case that if enforcement changes a chaotic situation to one that is more orderly, people see the benefit and accept it.
 <br/>
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 *That the revenue will be allocated fairly and transparently (people know where it has gone).
 *That the parking regulations will be enforced consistently and fairly, and that fines will not be excessive (and, ideally, that the fines are related to the seriousness of the offence – for example, overstaying on a parking meter would be a lesser offence than parking illegally in a bus lane).
 <br/>
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 *A positive approach towards working with the public may increase compliance with parking regulations.
 *Periodic evaluation of the project is essential, to have an idea for future improvement.
 <br/>
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 Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the [http://www.sutp.org/ Sustainable Urban Transport Projec]t. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
 <br/>
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 <references />
 [[Category:Transport]]

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 = Introduction<br/> =
 == Why is parking so important?<br/> ==
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 == What’s wrong with parking in many towns and cities?<br/> ==
 There are examples of cities in developing countries that do have some parking management in place. However, in many towns and cities parking is not managed at all, mismanaged or managed only in very limited areas.
 <u>Some of the typical problems faced by cities all around the world, but particularly in developing countries include the following:</u>
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 = Parking Management Strategies<br/> =
 == Introduction: Matching Problems and Solutions<br/> ==
@@ Line 50: / Line 49: @@
 The following table is a form of decision support guide. On the left is a list of typical parking problems. On the right are some actions that can be taken to deal with these issues.
 <p style="text-align: center">[[File:Decision support guide for freight management.png|thumb|center|680px|Decision Support Guide for Freight Management|alt=Decision support guide for freight management.png]]</p><p style="text-align: center"><br/></p>
+<br/>
 == Using Parking to Achieve Transport Objectives – Developing a Parking Policy<br/> ==
@@ Line 74: / Line 73: @@
 <br/>
 == Aligning the Parking Policy with a General Transportation Demand Management Strategy ==
-As elaborated, parking management is one powerful tool to address urban development objectives and in that sense to address transport demand. However, it is only one tool among many others. In order to maximise the impact of parking management, the objectives and elements of the parking management strategy need to be closely aligned with other elements of the general '''[[Transportation_Demand_Management|Transportation Demand Management (TDM)]]''' strategy. Parking management measures can act as PUSH-factors to support the shift to public transport and to avoid unnecessary trips.
+As elaborated, parking management is one powerful tool to address urban development objectives and in that sense to address transport demand. However, it is only one tool among many others. In order to maximise the impact of parking management, the objectives and elements of the parking management strategy need to be closely aligned with other elements of the general '''[[Transportation Demand Management|Transportation Demand Management (TDM)]]''' strategy. Parking management measures can act as PUSH-factors to support the shift to public transport and to avoid unnecessary trips.
 <br/>
 == Relationship between Parking and Public Transport use Policies to Encourage Public Transport ==
@@ Line 135: / Line 136: @@
 <br/>
-= <span style="font-size: 22px; line-height: 30px;">Institutional Issues and Enforcement</span> =
+= <span style="font-size: 22px;  line-height: 30px">Institutional Issues and Enforcement</span> =
 == Institutional Issues ==
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 = References =
 <references />
 [[Category:Mobility]]

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 <br/>
 == Aligning the Parking Policy with a General Transportation Demand Management Strategy ==
-As elaborated, parking management is one powerful tool to address urban development objectives and in that sense to address transport demand. However, it is only one tool among many others. In order to maximise the impact of parking management, the objectives and elements of the parking management strategy need to be closely aligned with other elements of the general '''Transportation Demand Management (TDM)''' strategy. Parking management measures can act as PUSH-factors to support the shift to public transport and to avoid unnecessary trips.
+As elaborated, parking management is one powerful tool to address urban development objectives and in that sense to address transport demand. However, it is only one tool among many others. In order to maximise the impact of parking management, the objectives and elements of the parking management strategy need to be closely aligned with other elements of the general '''[[Transportation_Demand_Management|Transportation Demand Management (TDM)]]''' strategy. Parking management measures can act as PUSH-factors to support the shift to public transport and to avoid unnecessary trips.
 <br/>
 == Relationship between Parking and Public Transport use Policies to Encourage Public Transport ==

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 = Parking Management Strategies<br/> =
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 The following table is a form of decision support guide. On the left is a list of typical parking problems. On the right are some actions that can be taken to deal with these issues.
-<p style="text-align: center">[[File:Decision support guide for freight management.png|center|680px|Decision Support Guide for Freight Management|alt=Decision support guide for freight management.png]]</p><p style="text-align: center"><br/></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">[[File:Decision support guide for freight management.png|thumb|center|680px|Decision Support Guide for Freight Management|alt=Decision support guide for freight management.png]]</p><p style="text-align: center"><br/></p>

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 = Parking Management Strategies<br/> =
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 The following table is a form of decision support guide. On the left is a list of typical parking problems. On the right are some actions that can be taken to deal with these issues.
-<p style="text-align: center">[[File:Decision support guide for freight management.png|thumb|center|680px|Decision Support Guide for Freight Management|alt=Decision support guide for freight management.png]]</p><p style="text-align: center"><br/></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">[[File:Decision support guide for freight management.png|center|680px|Decision Support Guide for Freight Management|alt=Decision support guide for freight management.png]]</p><p style="text-align: center"><br/></p>

@@ Line 178: / Line 178: @@
 *A positive approach towards working with the public may increase compliance with parking regulations.
 *Periodic evaluation of the project is essential, to have an idea for future improvement.
@@ Line 183: / Line 184: @@
 = Further Information =
-Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the Sustainable Urban Transport Project. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
+Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the [http://www.sutp.org/ Sustainable Urban Transport Projec]t. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.