Axel Heinemann: 1 revision

2014-12-15T08:43:54Z

1 revision

Franz Schreier at 15:44, 14 December 2014

2014-12-14T15:44:31Z

New page

{{Powering Agriculture Technology Database
|PAT quality check=Yes
|PAT Name=Off-Grid Photovoltaics
|PAT Picture=Off-Grid Photovoltaics.jpg
|PAT Type RE=Renewable Energy
|PAT Type Alternative=Alternative Methodology
|PAT Description=A stand-alone, or off-grid system is not connected to the electrical grid. Standalone systems vary widely in size and application from wristwatches or calculators to remote buildings or spacecraft. If the load is to be supplied independently of solar insolation, the generated power is stored and buffered with a battery. In non-portable applications where weight is not an issue, such as in buildings, lead acid batteries are most commonly used for their low cost and tolerance for abuse.

A charge controller may be incorporated in the system to: a) avoid battery damage by excessive charging or discharging and, b) optimizing the production of the cells or modules by maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, in simple PV systems where the PV module voltage is matched to the battery voltage, the use of MPPT electronics is generally considered unnecessary, since the battery voltage is stable enough to provide near-maximum power collection from the PV module. In small devices (e.g. calculators, parking meters) only direct current (DC) is consumed. In larger systems (e.g. buildings, remote water pumps) AC is usually required. To convert the DC from the modules or batteries into AC, an inverter is used.

In agricultural settings, the array may be used to directly power DC pumps, without the need for an inverter. In remote settings such as mountainous areas, islands, or other places where a power grid is unavailable, solar arrays can be used as the sole source of electricity, usually by charging a storage battery.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system#Standalone_system
|PAT Technology Application Solar=Solar
|PAT Value Processing=Processing
|PAT Actions Sorting=Sorting
|PAT Actions Milling=Milling
|PAT Actions Planting=Planting
|PAT Actions Washing=Washing
|PAT Actions Mixing=Mixing
|PAT Actions Pumping=Pumping
|PAT Actions Heating=Heating
|PAT Actions Irrigation=Irrigation
|PAT Actions Cooling=Cooling
|PAT Actions Fertilizing=Fertilizing
|PAT Actions Venting=Venting
|PAT Actions Pest Management=Pest Management
|PAT Actions Lighting=Lighting
|PAT Actions Cutting=Cutting
|PAT Actions Sanitation=Sanitation
|PAT Actions Other=All value chain activities with electrical power demand
|PAT Commodity Cereals=Cereals
|PAT Commodity Forage=Forage
|PAT Commodity Oil Seeds=Oil Seeds
|PAT Commodity Roots and Tubers=Roots and Tubers
|PAT Commodity Eggs=Eggs
|PAT Commodity Pulses=Pulses
|PAT Commodity Fiber Crops=Fiber Crops
|PAT Commodity Forestry=Forestry
|PAT Commodity Sugars=Sugars
|PAT Commodity Stimulants=Stimulants
|PAT Commodity Spices=Spices
|PAT Commodity Other=All commodity groups with electrical power demand
|PAT Dev Region Worldwide=N/A
|PAT Dev Region South Asia=
|PAT Dev Country South Asia=
|PAT Dev Region Africa=
|PAT Dev Country Africa=
|PAT Dev Region East Asia=
|PAT Dev Country East Asia=
|PAT Dev Region Europe=
|PAT Dev Country Europe=
|PAT Dev Region Latin America=
|PAT Dev Country Latin America=
|PAT Dev Region Middle East=
|PAT Dev Country Middle East=
|PAT Dev Region North America=
|PAT Dev Country North America=
|PAT Dev Region Not Available=Region of development cannot be named
|PAT Dep Region Worldwide=Worldwide
|PAT Dep Region South Asia=
|PAT Dep Country South Asia=
|PAT Dep Region Africa=
|PAT Dep Country Africa=
|PAT Dep Region East Asia=
|PAT Dep Country East Asia=
|PAT Dep Region Europe=
|PAT Dep Country Europe=
|PAT Dep Region Latin America=
|PAT Dep Country Latin America=
|PAT Dep Region Middle East=
|PAT Dep Country Middle East=
|PAT Dep Region North America=
|PAT Dep Country North America=
|PAT Dep Region Not Available=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Worldwide=None
|PAT Dep Pot Region South Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Country South Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Africa=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Africa=
|PAT Dep Pot Region East Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Country East Asia=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Europe=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Europe=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Latin America=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Latin America=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Middle East=
|PAT Dep Pot Country Middle East=
|PAT Dep Pot Region North America=
|PAT Dep Pot Country North America=
|PAT Dep Pot Region Not Available=
|PAT Manufacturers=Many manufacturers in many countries;

You find a market overview for Germany at this website: http://www.carmen-ev.de/sonne-wind-co/937-marktuebersicht-batteriespeichersysteme-erweitert
|PAT Economics=Due to increasing fuel prices, PV is becoming more and more the choice to provide electricity. Also full supply stand-alone devices become economic in comparison to fuel powered electricity.
|PAT Technology Development Level=High;
|PAT Maintenance=Low;
|PAT Required Resources Manufacture=Complex Technology, must be delivered in total from large facilities.
|PAT Required Resources Operation=Replacement of batteries;
|PAT Deployment Capability=Very high;
|PAT Requirements for Deployment=None - besides education of local people for installation and maintenance of batteries/charges;
|PAT Relevance Autonomy=Very high;
|PAT Bio-Cybernetic=Yes;
|PAT Links=http://practicalaction.org/small-scale-offgrid-solar-pv-installation-manual

http://practicalaction.org/solar-photovoltaic-energy

http://www.fao.org/sd/egdirect/egre0057.htm
|PAT Category=Solar Energy
|PAT Pumping=
|PAT Lighting=
|PAT Heating=
|PAT Cooling=
|PAT Wind=
|PAT Biomass=
|PAT Biofuel=
|PAT Biogas=
|PAT Humans=
|PAT Animals=
|PAT Biochar=
|PAT Composte=
|PAT Insects=
|PAT Plants=
|PAT Others=
}}

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Off-Grid Photovoltaics (PA Technology) - Revision history

Axel Heinemann: 1 revision

Franz Schreier at 15:44, 14 December 2014