Mini-Grid Financing - Revision history

Velma Mukoro at 13:02, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T13:02:07Z

Velma Mukoro at 13:02, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T13:02:04Z

Velma Mukoro at 12:59, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T12:59:23Z

Velma Mukoro: /* Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors */

2017-09-13T12:58:19Z

Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors

Velma Mukoro: /* Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors */

2017-09-13T12:55:38Z

Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors

Velma Mukoro at 12:14, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T12:14:44Z

Velma Mukoro at 12:13, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T12:13:50Z

Johanna at 11:51, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T11:51:52Z

Johanna at 11:46, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T11:46:15Z

Johanna at 11:26, 13 September 2017

2017-09-13T11:26:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 13 September 2017
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		+	[[Category:Kenya]]
		+	[[Category:PV_Mini-grid]]
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 = Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors =
-The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering<br/>smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
+The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
 <br/>
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by<br/>KenGen <g class="gr_ gr_186 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar multiReplace" id="186" data-gr-id="186">are</g> located in Garissa and Lamu.<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid.&nbsp;Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.</span>
+There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<br/>
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
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 <references />

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 &nbsp; &nbsp; Annex 75<br/>
+<br/>
 = Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors =
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 <br/>
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by<br/>KenGen <g class="gr_ gr_57 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar multiReplace" id="57" data-gr-id="57">are</g> located in Garissa and Lamu.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid.&nbsp;Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas,&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.</span></span>
+There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by<br/>KenGen <g class="gr_ gr_186 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar multiReplace" id="186" data-gr-id="186">are</g> located in Garissa and Lamu.<span style="font-size: 13.6px;">Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid.&nbsp;Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;">sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.</span>
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
 = Further Information =
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 <references />
 [[Category:Kenya]]

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 &nbsp; &nbsp; Annex 75<br/>
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 The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering<br/>smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by<br/>KenGen <g class="gr_ gr_206 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar multiReplace" id="206" data-gr-id="206">are</g> located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid.&nbsp;Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas,<br/>sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.
+<br/>
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 &nbsp; &nbsp; Annex 75<br/>
 = Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors =
-The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served <g class="gr_ gr_105 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar <g class="gr_ gr_119 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="119" data-gr-id="119">multiReplace</g>" id="105" data-gr-id="105">with&lt;/g&gt; solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
+The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering<br/>smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. <g class="gr_ gr_126 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins <g class="gr_ gr_121 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="121" data-gr-id="121">replaceWithoutSep</g>" id="126" data-gr-id="126">Also&lt;/g&gt; several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively <g class="gr_ gr_127 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del <g class="gr_ gr_123 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="123" data-gr-id="123">replaceWithoutSep</g>" id="127" data-gr-id="127">mobile,&lt;/g&gt; and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<ref name="Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.">Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.</ref>
+There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by<br/>KenGen <g class="gr_ gr_206 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar multiReplace" id="206" data-gr-id="206">are</g> located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid.&nbsp;Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas,<br/>sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
 = Further Information =

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 The guidebook is targeting (prospective) mini-grid developers who seek to get a general understanding of financing&nbsp;a mini-grid in Kenya but can also serve as a reference to other stakeholders. It, therefore, offers a general introduction to mini-grid financing in Kenya and is not targeting mini-grid financing experts and companies already engaged with financing mini-grids.While this handbook intends to display the required knowledge for mini-grid financing, mini-grid projects are very site specific. ''The&nbsp;authors of this handbook, therefore, do not accept any liability for commercial or investment decisions taken on the grounds of the knowledge presented&nbsp;within.''
-The handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by [https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/25332.html ProSolar] for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid site[[:File:GIZ2014-en-where-shall-we-put-it-kenya.pdf|selection]],&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2016-ProSolar-Licensing-Guidebook.pdf|licensing]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[:File:Mini-Grid Sizing Guidebook.pdf|sizing]].
+The handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by [https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/25332.html ProSolar] for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid site&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2014-en-where-shall-we-put-it-kenya.pdf|selection]],&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2016-ProSolar-Licensing-Guidebook.pdf|licensing]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[:File:Mini-Grid Sizing Guidebook.pdf|sizing]].
 </div>
 = Table of Contents&nbsp; =
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 = Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors =
-The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served <g class="gr_ gr_105 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar multiReplace" id="105" data-gr-id="105">with</g> solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
+The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served <g class="gr_ gr_105 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar <g class="gr_ gr_119 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="119" data-gr-id="119">multiReplace</g>" id="105" data-gr-id="105">with&lt;/g&gt; solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. <g class="gr_ gr_126 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="126" data-gr-id="126">Also</g> several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively <g class="gr_ gr_127 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" id="127" data-gr-id="127">mobile,</g> and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<ref name="Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.">Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.</ref>
+There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. <g class="gr_ gr_126 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins <g class="gr_ gr_121 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="121" data-gr-id="121">replaceWithoutSep</g>" id="126" data-gr-id="126">Also&lt;/g&gt; several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively <g class="gr_ gr_127 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del <g class="gr_ gr_123 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="123" data-gr-id="123">replaceWithoutSep</g>" id="127" data-gr-id="127">mobile,&lt;/g&gt; and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<ref name="Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.">Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.</ref>
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Mini-grid]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 [[File:ProSolar Financing Handbook Cover.jpg|border|right|180px|ProSolar Financing Guidebook|alt=This guidebook|link=File:How do we finance it?.pdf]][[:File:How do we finance it?.pdf|This financing guidebook]]&nbsp;for mini-grid businesses was developed to provide guidelines<br/>and basic recommendations for securing various forms of financing for the most relevant types of mini-grid businesses and projects in [[Kenya Energy Situation|Kenya]].&nbsp;It serves to provide an overview of mini-grids and the key financing concepts and procedures that developers should consider when developing mini-grid projects. <span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">The handbook eases the&nbsp;understanding of the most relevant aspects of financing mini-grids and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px">sheds light</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px">&nbsp;on the financing process, options and timings for project developers. It presents an overview&nbsp;of typical (simplified) investment cases, giving corresponding illustrations of tariff structures and key considerations for financing methods for each case.</span>
-The guidebook is targeting <span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">(prospective) mini-grid developers who seek to get<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;a general understanding&nbsp;of&nbsp;financing&nbsp;a mini-grid in Kenya, but can also serve as a reference to other stakeholders. It therefore offers a general introduction to mini-grid financing in Kenya and is not targeting mini-grid financing experts and companies already engaged with financing mini-grids.</span></span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">While this handbook intends to display the required knowledge for mini-grid financing, mini-grid projects are very site specific. ''The&nbsp;authors of this handbook, therefore, do not accept any liability for commercial or investment decisions taken on the grounds of the knowledge presented&nbsp;within.''</span><span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"></span></span>
+The guidebook is targeting (prospective) mini-grid developers who seek to get a general understanding of financing&nbsp;a mini-grid in Kenya, but can also serve as a reference to other stakeholders. It therefore offers a general introduction to mini-grid financing in Kenya and is not targeting mini-grid financing experts and companies already engaged with financing mini-grids.While this handbook intends to display the required knowledge for mini-grid financing, mini-grid projects are very site specific. ''The&nbsp;authors of this handbook, therefore, do not accept any liability for commercial or investment decisions taken on the grounds of the knowledge presented&nbsp;within.''
-<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">T<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">he handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by [https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/25332.html ProSolar] for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2014-en-where-shall-we-put-it-kenya.pdf|site selection]],&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2016-ProSolar-Licensing-Guidebook.pdf|licensing]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[:File:Mini-Grid Sizing Guidebook.pdf|sizing]].</span></span></span></span></span>
+The handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by [https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/25332.html ProSolar] for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid[[:File:GIZ2014-en-where-shall-we-put-it-kenya.pdf|site selection]],&nbsp;[[:File:GIZ2016-ProSolar-Licensing-Guidebook.pdf|licensing]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[:File:Mini-Grid Sizing Guidebook.pdf|sizing]].
 </div>
 = Table of Contents&nbsp; =
-<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">Link of the guidebook:&nbsp;[[:File:How do we finance it?.pdf|Mini-Grid Financing Guidebook]]</span><br/>
+Link of the guidebook:&nbsp;[[:File:How do we finance it?.pdf|Mini-Grid Financing Guidebook]]<br/>
 #Introduction 10
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 = Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors =
 The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served with solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
-There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile, and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<ref name="Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.">Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.fckLR</ref>
+There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile, and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.<ref name="Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.">Ross, David. ‘How Do We Finance It. A Guide to Financing of Mini-Grid Companies and Projects’. The German Climate Technology Initiative GIZ Promotion of Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grids, 2017. https://energypedia.info/images/4/40/How_do_we_finance_it%3F.pdf.</ref>
 *Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
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 = Further Information =
-<span style="font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">This guidebook has been developed as part of a series of handbooks on mini-grids. You can access the other ones on the following web pages:</span><br/>
+This guidebook has been developed as part of a series of handbooks on mini-grids. You can access the other ones on the following web pages:<br/>
 *GIZ-ProSolar.&nbsp;[[:File:Mini-Grid Sizing Guidebook.pdf|What size shall it be?]] A guide to mini-grid sizing and demand forecasting. August 2016.
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