Microenergy-Systems and Agriculture - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2016-07-29T14:11:43Z

Further Information

Avinash Kumar at 13:31, 19 April 2016

2016-04-19T13:31:33Z

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Wiki Gardener: /* Overview */

2014-09-22T16:02:05Z

Overview

Wiki Gardener at 13:59, 11 September 2014

2014-09-11T13:59:18Z

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Wiki Gardener at 15:27, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T15:27:49Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:05, 16 April 2013

2013-04-16T12:05:22Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 11:59, 16 April 2013

2013-04-16T11:59:23Z

Wiki Gardener: /* 'Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?'. (Incl. Overview on Microenergy-systems & Agriculture) */

2013-04-16T08:13:24Z

'Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?'. (Incl. Overview on Microenergy-systems & Agriculture)

Wiki Gardener at 07:54, 16 April 2013

2013-04-16T07:54:40Z

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Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* "What we eat matters!" */

2013-04-15T21:29:41Z

"What we eat matters!"

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 = Further Information =
-*IAASTD (2009) International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development, Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC,[[9781597265508|ISBN 978-1-59726-550-8]], 106pp.
+*IAASTD (2009) International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development, Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC,ISBN 978-1-59726-550-8, 106pp.
 *[http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176 FIAN 2012]
 *UNEP 2011: Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth, A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel. Fischer-Kowalski, M., Swilling, M., von Weizsäcker, E.U., Ren, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Crane, W., Krausmann, F., Eisenmenger, N., Giljum, S., Hennicke, P., Romero Lankao, P., Siriban Manalang, A.UNEP 2010: Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials, A Report of the Working Group on the Environmental Impacts of Products and Materials to the International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management. Hertwich, E., van der Voet, E., Suh, S., Tukker, A, Huijbregts M., Kazmierczyk, P., Lenzen, M., McNeely, J., Moriguchi, Y.[http://www.srfood.org/ SRFOOD 2013: United Nations Special Rapporteur of the Right to Food]
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 <br/>
 = References<br/> =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 „S''ystems are needed that enhance sustainability while maintaining productivity in ways that protect the natural resource base and ecological provisioning of agricultural systems“''
-On this background this article sheds the light upon the potentials of microenergy systems to close anthropo-natural cycles by effective and efficient use of the by-products of energy production such as fermentation residues and charcoal. These products contain not only carbon but valuable nutrient resources such as phosphorus and nitrogen. By realizing an energy-system integrated in agricultural practices in particularthe continuous decrease in soil organic matter, which is the major building block of a fertile soil, can be targeted.At the same time soil fertility is improved by recycling nutrients and an additional “productive use” is created which contributes directly to food sovereignty and possible income generation.
+On this background this article sheds the light upon the potentials of microenergy systems to close anthropo-natural cycles by effective and efficient use of the by-products of energy production such as fermentation residues and charcoal. These products contain not only carbon but valuable nutrient resources such as phosphorus and nitrogen. By realizing an energy-system integrated in agricultural practices in particular the continuous decrease in soil organic matter, which is the major building block of a fertile soil, can be targeted.At the same time soil fertility is improved by recycling nutrients and an additional “productive use” is created which contributes directly to food sovereignty and possible income generation.
 The main question of this topic is „how to realize food security or souvereignity and energy autonomy at the same time (by using low-tech technology)?“.
+<br/>
 ► This article is based on the proceedings of the session "MES & Agriculture" at the [https://energypedia.info/wiki/Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013 Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply Conference - 2013] at University of Technology in Berlin an oral presentations listed at the "References" chapter at the end.
 <br/>
 = Open Cycles at Different Scales =

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 <br/>
-= Open Cycles at Different Scales  =
+= Open Cycles at Different Scales =
 Focusing Plant Nutris
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 *Global arable soils contain similar stocks of P like mines.
 *'''Open Cycles on Continental Scale with the example of soybean trade: '''6,5 Million Tons of Soy was imported in 2009 from Brazil to Germany containing 45.000 tons of P which will not be brought back to Brazil --> shift of natural stock between continents through trading!
-*'''Open Cycles on Regional Scale with the example of interactions between urban and rural areas:'''While agricultural and horticultural fields in rural areas demand continuously P as fertilizer, urban areas are in fact “phosphorus hotspots” accumulating food waste and human excreta that contain P. Up to now less than 1/3 of the P which goes from agriculture to cities is returned! Returning the P to the fields and thus close the loop to a certain extent would participate to fullfill the demand for fertilizer in agricultural practices.
+*'''Open Cycles on Regional Scale with the example of interactions between urban and rural areas:''' While agricultural and horticultural fields in rural areas demand continuously P as fertilizer, urban areas are in fact “phosphorus hotspots” accumulating food waste and human excreta that contain P. Up to now less than 1/3 of the P which goes from agriculture to cities is returned! Returning the P to the fields and thus close the loop to a certain extent would participate to fullfill the demand for fertilizer in agricultural practices.
 *'''Open Cycles on Lacal Scale with the example of subsistence agriculture in Africa: '''Soils loose 10 to 30% of their total P stock within only one to two generations if the excreta of the small holders are not returned to the fields.
 *'''Learning from history:'''Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan (King, 1911): “Sustainability is mainly based on closed nutrient cycles through the use of “night soil”.”
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 *Plaggenesch soil – an historic European anthropogenic soil has 2-3 times phosphorus content when compared with the natural soil from the same region and climate.
 *'''From history to future: '''Develope appropriate techniques to close the P-cycles at all scales <ref name="Martin Kaupenjohann:">Martin Kaupenjohann: "Open Cycles at different scales – focusing plant nutrients"</ref>
 <br/>
@@ Line 50: / Line 46: @@
 #''Qualitative:''depending on the way of using of land now→use of soil now directly influences future possibilities to use this land (e.g. loss of soil fertility due to open cycles, soil compaction due to heavy harvesting machines...)
-In this presentation practical examples of Microenergy Systems (MES) were introduced by going along the life-cycle of an agricultural product.<ref name="Ariane Krause:">Ariane Krause:"Energy and Food from the soil – competitors and/or synergists?“- Including an overview about microenergy-systems related with agriculture</ref>
+In this presentation practical examples of '''Microenergy Systems (MES)''' were introduced by going along the life-cycle of an agricultural product.<ref name="Ariane Krause:">Ariane Krause:"Energy and Food from the soil – competitors and/or synergists?“- Including an overview about microenergy-systems related with agriculture</ref>
 <br/>
@@ Line 56: / Line 52: @@
 == Systems Creating Open Cycles ==
-Examples related with '''open cycles '''are mostly also examples of '''competitors '''(in the case of this presentation)<ref name="Ariane Krause:">Ariane Krause:"Energy and Food from the soil – competitors and/or synergists?“- Including an overview about microenergy-systems related with agriculture</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">:</span>
+Examples related with '''open cycles '''are mostly also examples of '''competitors '''(in the case of this presentation)<ref name="Ariane Krause:">Ariane Krause:"Energy and Food from the soil – competitors and/or synergists?“- Including an overview about microenergy-systems related with agriculture</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;  font-size: 0.85em">:</span>
 <br/>
@@ Line 153: / Line 149: @@
 <br/>
-= Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products <br/> =
+= Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products<br/> =
 – Perspective of Plant Nutrition
@@ Line 189: / Line 185: @@
 <br/>
-= Nutrient Management in Peri-urban Horticulture in Nepal  =
+= Nutrient Management in Peri-urban Horticulture in Nepal =
 <div>
 [[:File:4 D.Melzer Nutrient management of peri urban horticulture in Nepal.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 235: / Line 231: @@
 <br/>
-= <span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser</span> =
+= <span style="line-height: 1.5em;  font-size: 0.85em">The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser</span> =
 <div>
 [[:File:5 Präsi Anna.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 275: / Line 271: @@
 <br/>
-= Local Plant Nutrient Recycling from Anthropogenic Waste <br/> =
+= Local Plant Nutrient Recycling from Anthropogenic Waste<br/> =
 Sharing the Experience from Field Plant Experiment in Tanzania
@@ Line 314: / Line 310: @@
 *IAASTD (2009) International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development, Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC,[https://energypedia.info/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597265508 ISBN 978-1-59726-550-8], 106pp.
-*FIAN 2012:<u>[http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176 http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176]</u>; visited at 26th Feb. 2013.
+*[http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176 FIAN 2012]
-*UNEP 2011: Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth, A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel. Fischer-Kowalski, M., Swilling, M., von Weizsäcker, E.U., Ren, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Crane, W., Krausmann, F., Eisenmenger, N., Giljum, S., Hennicke, P., Romero Lankao, P., Siriban Manalang, A.
+*UNEP 2011: Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth, A Report of the Working Group on Decoupling to the International Resource Panel. Fischer-Kowalski, M., Swilling, M., von Weizsäcker, E.U., Ren, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Crane, W., Krausmann, F., Eisenmenger, N., Giljum, S., Hennicke, P., Romero Lankao, P., Siriban Manalang, A.UNEP 2010: Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials, A Report of the Working Group on the Environmental Impacts of Products and Materials to the International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management. Hertwich, E., van der Voet, E., Suh, S., Tukker, A, Huijbregts M., Kazmierczyk, P., Lenzen, M., McNeely, J., Moriguchi, Y.[http://www.srfood.org/ SRFOOD 2013: United Nations Special Rapporteur of the Right to Food]
-*UNEP 2010: Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials, A Report of the Working Group on the Environmental Impacts of Products and Materials to the International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management. Hertwich, E., van der Voet, E., Suh, S., Tukker, A, Huijbregts M., Kazmierczyk, P., Lenzen, M., McNeely, J., Moriguchi, Y.
+*[http://walrusmagazine.com/blogs/2011/10/24/graff-and-the-beanstalk/ Gordon Graph]
 *“Kopsalat aus dem 3. Stock” Le monde edition 10, p. 95
 *Dickson Despommier: Vertical farms
-*[http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/heating-a-greenhouse-zmaz86jazgoe.aspx?page=3#axzz2Lckgd5 http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/heating-a-greenhouse-zmaz86jazgoe.aspx?page=3#axzz2Lckgd5]
+*[http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/heating-a-greenhouse-zmaz86jazgoe.aspx?page=3#axzz2Lckgd5 www.motherearthnews.com]
 *www.ingenieure-ohne-grenzen.org/casa
 <br/>
 = References<br/> =
-This article is based on the proceedings of the session "MES & Agriculture" at the <span style="line-height: normal;" class="Apple-style-span">[https://energypedia.info/wiki/Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013 Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply Conference - 2013] </span><span style="line-height: normal;" class="Apple-style-span">at University of Technology in Berlin with the following oral presentations:</span>
+This article is based on the proceedings of the session "MES & Agriculture" at the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal">[https://energypedia.info/wiki/Micro_Perspectives_for_Decentralized_Energy_Supply_-_Conference_2013 Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply Conference - 2013] </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal">at University of Technology in Berlin with the following oral presentations:</span>
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Agriculture]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Background =
+= Overview =
-„S''ystems are needed that enhance sustainability while maintaining productivity in ways that protect the natural resource base and ecological provisioning of agricultural systems“''*
+„S''ystems are needed that enhance sustainability while maintaining productivity in ways that protect the natural resource base and ecological provisioning of agricultural systems“''
 On this background our session sheds the light upon the potentials of microenergy systems to close anthropo-natural cycles by effective and efficient use of the by-products of energy production such as fermentation residues and charcoal. These products contain not only carbon but valuable nutrient resources such as phosphorus and nitrogen. By realizing an energy-system integrated in agricultural practices in particularthe continuous decrease in soil organic matter, which is the major building block of a fertile soil, can be targeted.At the same time soil fertility is improved by recycling nutrients and an additional “productive use” is created which contributes directly to food sovereignty and possible income generation.
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 <br/>
-= Open Cycles at Different Scales - Focusing Plant Nutrients =
+= Open Cycles at Different Scales  =
 [[:File:1 Kaupenjohann-28-02-2013.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 36: / Line 38: @@
 <br/>
-= 'Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?'. (Incl. Overview on Microenergy-systems & Agriculture) =
+= Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?<br/> =
 [http://prezi.com/2npp7oliu-ya/untitled-prezi/ --> Presentation]
@@ Line 42: / Line 46: @@
 <br/>
-What does it mean to have a '''competition '''for soil? It can be...
+<u>What does it mean to have a '''competition '''for soil? It can be:</u>
 #''Quantitative'': concerning the amount of land used→impact now
 #''Qualitative:''depending on the way of using of land now→use of soil now directly influences future possibilities to use this land (e.g. loss of soil fertility due to open cycles, soil compaction due to heavy harvesting machines...)
@@ Line 149: / Line 153: @@
 <br/>
-= Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products – Perspective of Plant Nutrition =
+= Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products <br/> =
 <div>
 [[:File:3 MES Agriculture IGZ presentation 28 2 2013.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 155: / Line 161: @@
 <br/>
 </div>
-'''Environmental stress factors'''influencing the yield:
+<u>'''Environmental stress factors '''influencing the yield:</u>
 . cultivation method: fertilization, plant protection
@@ Line 165: / Line 171: @@
 '''Liebig's Law''':"''The availability of the most abundant nutrient in the soil is only asgood as the availability of the least abundant nutrient in the soil" ''when all other environmental conditions are optimal (water, light, temperature etc.)<ref name="Anja Müller:">Anja Müller: "Demand for nutrients and soil condition to get ´good quality´ food products – perspective of plant nutrition"</ref><br/>
-'''Important nutrient '''uptakes from soil into plant tissues:
+<br/>
 *Macro nutrients: N K P Mg Ca S
 *Micro nutriens: Fe Cl Mn B Zn...
@@ Line 181: / Line 189: @@
 <br/>
-= Nutrient Management in Peri-urban Horticulture in Nepal (Masterthesis) =
+= Nutrient Management in Peri-urban Horticulture in Nepal  =
 <div>
 [[:File:4 D.Melzer Nutrient management of peri urban horticulture in Nepal.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 227: / Line 235: @@
 <br/>
-= <span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser (Bachelor Thesis)</span> =
+= <span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser</span> =
 <div>
 [[:File:5 Präsi Anna.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 267: / Line 275: @@
 <br/>
-= Local Plant Nutrient Recycling from Anthropogenic Waste – Sharing the Experience from Field Plant Experiment in Tanzania =
+= Local Plant Nutrient Recycling from Anthropogenic Waste <br/> =
 <div>
 [[:File:6 bitakwate meskonf feb13.pdf|--> Presentation]]
@@ Line 273: / Line 283: @@
 <br/>
 </div>
-This practitioners' presentation provided information about experiences from field plant experiments done in Northern Tanzania within theproject “''Carbonization and Sanitation''” (CaSa). The CaSa project realizes an integrated approach to address the issues of resource protection, improvement of energy supply and sanitation services. Furthermore, it strongly follows the community participatory approach in development of technologies. One of the expected final results is the improvement of soil quality to ensure long-term food security for the rural population of Kagera region. Thus a new alternative combination of technologies was developed and tested within a pilot project. Field trials are also conducted to evaluate the system's impact on plant growth and soil quality which started in September 2012. The first results of the general observation show a benefit of the new approach during to plant growth concerning size of the plants, health of the plants (esp. During period of stress due to draught) and amount as well as quality of the harvested maize and beans. Nevertheless the collected data does not show clear correlation between data and treatment. A big challenge was to protect the field trials from animals and thus losses of plants and harvest may also influence the quality of the data. To get more evidence of the data more field trials need to be conducted<ref name="Adam Bitakwate:">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
+This practitioners' presentation provided information about experiences from field plant experiments done in Northern Tanzania within theproject '''“''Carbonization and Sanitation''” (CaSa)'''. The CaSa project realizes an integrated approach to address the issues of resource protection, improvement of energy supply and sanitation services. Furthermore, it strongly follows the community participatory approach in development of technologies. One of the expected final results is the improvement of soil quality to ensure long-term food security for the rural population of Kagera region. Thus a new alternative combination of technologies was developed and tested within a pilot project. Field trials are also conducted to evaluate the system's impact on plant growth and soil quality which started in September 2012. The first results of the general observation show a benefit of the new approach during to plant growth concerning size of the plants, health of the plants (esp. During period of stress due to draught) and amount as well as quality of the harvested maize and beans. Nevertheless the collected data does not show clear correlation between data and treatment. A big challenge was to protect the field trials from animals and thus losses of plants and harvest may also influence the quality of the data. To get more evidence of the data more field trials need to be conducted<ref name="Adam Bitakwate:">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
 <br/>
@@ Line 301: / Line 311: @@
 <br/>
-= References<br/> =
+= Further Information =
 *IAASTD (2009) International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development, Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC,[https://energypedia.info/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597265508 ISBN 978-1-59726-550-8], 106pp.
 *FIAN 2012:<u>[http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176 http://www.fian-deutschland.de/online/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=176]</u>; visited at 26th Feb. 2013.
@@ Line 321: / Line 324: @@
 *www.ingenieure-ohne-grenzen.org/casa
 [[Category:Microenergy_Systems]]

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 *The highest phosphorus content was found in the “Terra Preta do Indio”, a anthropogenic tropical soil (25 kt P per ha)
 *Plaggenesch soil – an historic European anthropogenic soil has 2-3 times phosphorus content when compared with the natural soil from the same region and climate.
-*'''From history to future: '''Develope appropriate techniques to close the P-cycles at all scales <ref name="Martin Kaupenjohann: ">Martin Kaupenjohann: "Open Cycles at different scales – focusing plant nutrients"</ref>
+*'''From history to future: '''Develope appropriate techniques to close the P-cycles at all scales <ref name="Martin Kaupenjohann:">Martin Kaupenjohann: "Open Cycles at different scales – focusing plant nutrients"</ref>
 <br/>
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 <br/>
 = 'Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?'. (Incl. Overview on Microenergy-systems & Agriculture) =
@@ Line 146: / Line 147: @@
 <br/>
 = Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products – Perspective of Plant Nutrition =
@@ Line 161: / Line 163: @@
 . biotic stress factors:diseases-pests, competition among the plants
-'''Liebig's Law''':"''The availability of the most abundant nutrient in the soil is only asgood as the availability of the least abundant nutrient in the soil" ''when all other environmental conditions are optimal (water, light, temperature etc.)<ref name="Anja Müller: ">Anja Müller: "Demand for nutrients and soil condition to get ´good quality´ food products – perspective of plant nutrition"</ref>
+'''Liebig's Law''':"''The availability of the most abundant nutrient in the soil is only asgood as the availability of the least abundant nutrient in the soil" ''when all other environmental conditions are optimal (water, light, temperature etc.)<ref name="Anja Müller:">Anja Müller: "Demand for nutrients and soil condition to get ´good quality´ food products – perspective of plant nutrition"</ref><br/>
 '''Important nutrient '''uptakes from soil into plant tissues:
@@ Line 174: / Line 175: @@
 Conclusion --> '''Application of organic matter '''has positive effect.
-Hands-on: how to predict '''nutrient demand and availability'''?!<ref name="Anja Müller: ">Anja Müller: "Demand for nutrients and soil condition to get ´good quality´ food products – perspective of plant nutrition"</ref>
+Hands-on: how to predict '''nutrient demand and availability'''?!<ref name="Anja Müller:">Anja Müller: "Demand for nutrients and soil condition to get ´good quality´ food products – perspective of plant nutrition"</ref>
 <br/>
@@ Line 194: / Line 195: @@
 The described fertilization manner is also visible in consideration of the soil nutrient status. An acidification of the alluvial soils, due to high nitrification rates, is indicated by very low pH levels(3.9 – 6.2; Ø = 5.0).
-Therefore an improved nutrient management seems strictly essential due to ecological and economic reasons<ref name="Dennis Melzer: ">Dennis Melzer: "Nutrient management in peri-urban horticulture in Nepal" (Master Thesis)</ref>.
+Therefore an improved nutrient management seems strictly essential due to ecological and economic reasons<ref name="Dennis Melzer:">Dennis Melzer: "Nutrient management in peri-urban horticulture in Nepal" (Master Thesis)</ref>.
 <br/>
@@ Line 220: / Line 221: @@
 - Carbon content of the soil is high. Farmers burn the wheat straw and put it back to the soil.
-The initial study was to investigate the soil pollution, but then found the problem with the nutrient content in the soil. The real nutrient content of the fertilizer (quality) will be further investigated<ref name="Dennis Melzer: ">Dennis Melzer: "Nutrient management in peri-urban horticulture in Nepal" (Master Thesis)</ref>.
+The initial study was to investigate the soil pollution, but then found the problem with the nutrient content in the soil. The real nutrient content of the fertilizer (quality) will be further investigated<ref name="Dennis Melzer:">Dennis Melzer: "Nutrient management in peri-urban horticulture in Nepal" (Master Thesis)</ref>.
 <br/>
@@ Line 232: / Line 233: @@
 <br/>
 </div>
-Biogas technology has become a widespread and recognised possibility to produce environmentally friendly energy in''Nepal''. However, relatively little attention is devoted to the nutrient rich by-product, the bio-slurry. In the rural village''Changunarayan'', located in the''KathmanduValley,''bio-slurry from existing biogas plants was found to be underutilised and to be flowing haphazardly into the landscape. This study was conducted to determine whether reclaiming bio-slurry would be suitable to be integrated into agricultural practices in''Changunarayan''in order to close local nutrient cycles and maintain soil fertility. With the help of a Material Flow Analysis the site-specific bio-slurry's potential to meet nutrient and carbon requirements in crop cultivation was investigated. The local nutrient, carbon flows and their converting processes were identified and quantified among the biogas plant owning households. The nutrient and carbon demand in cropping was compared to its supply of bio-slurry. In''Changunarayan'', human, buffalo and cattle excreta are used for generating biogas and biogas slurry. An average household was found to comprise six humans, one cow and 0.5 buffalo. The resulting available nutrients in bio-slurry amount annually to 38.4 kg nitrogen, 23.1 kg phosphorus and 22.5 kg potassium, the carbon accounts for 205.3 kg. The total demand in cropping was determined to be 65.4 kg nitrogen, 18.7 kg phosphorus, 60.7 kg potassium and 253.5 kg carbon annually. Hence 59 % of the nitrogen, 124 % of the phosphorus, 37 % of the potassium and 89 % of the carbon demand could be potentially covered in''Changunarayan''by bio-slurry. Reclaiming and integrating the underutilised bio-slurry into the agricultural practices appears to be a viable and sustainable opportunity to recirculate nutrients and utilise carbon<ref name="Anna Friedrich: ">Anna Friedrich: "The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser" (Bachelor Thesis)</ref>.
+Biogas technology has become a widespread and recognised possibility to produce environmentally friendly energy in''Nepal''. However, relatively little attention is devoted to the nutrient rich by-product, the bio-slurry. In the rural village''Changunarayan'', located in the''KathmanduValley,''bio-slurry from existing biogas plants was found to be underutilised and to be flowing haphazardly into the landscape. This study was conducted to determine whether reclaiming bio-slurry would be suitable to be integrated into agricultural practices in''Changunarayan''in order to close local nutrient cycles and maintain soil fertility. With the help of a Material Flow Analysis the site-specific bio-slurry's potential to meet nutrient and carbon requirements in crop cultivation was investigated. The local nutrient, carbon flows and their converting processes were identified and quantified among the biogas plant owning households. The nutrient and carbon demand in cropping was compared to its supply of bio-slurry. In''Changunarayan'', human, buffalo and cattle excreta are used for generating biogas and biogas slurry. An average household was found to comprise six humans, one cow and 0.5 buffalo. The resulting available nutrients in bio-slurry amount annually to 38.4 kg nitrogen, 23.1 kg phosphorus and 22.5 kg potassium, the carbon accounts for 205.3 kg. The total demand in cropping was determined to be 65.4 kg nitrogen, 18.7 kg phosphorus, 60.7 kg potassium and 253.5 kg carbon annually. Hence 59 % of the nitrogen, 124 % of the phosphorus, 37 % of the potassium and 89 % of the carbon demand could be potentially covered in''Changunarayan''by bio-slurry. Reclaiming and integrating the underutilised bio-slurry into the agricultural practices appears to be a viable and sustainable opportunity to recirculate nutrients and utilise carbon<ref name="Anna Friedrich:">Anna Friedrich: "The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser" (Bachelor Thesis)</ref>.
 <br/>
@@ Line 260: / Line 261: @@
 ''5, Are there feedback to world vision to create room for further implementation?''
-- Not yet, but thanks for the suggestion; it will be done!<ref name="Anna Friedrich: ">Anna Friedrich: "The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser" (Bachelor Thesis)</ref>
+- Not yet, but thanks for the suggestion; it will be done!<ref name="Anna Friedrich:">Anna Friedrich: "The Potential of Using Reclaimed Bio-Slurry as Fertiliser" (Bachelor Thesis)</ref>
 <br/>
@@ Line 272: / Line 273: @@
 <br/>
 </div>
-This practitioners' presentation provided information about experiences from field plant experiments done in Northern Tanzania within theproject “''Carbonization and Sanitation''” (CaSa). The CaSa project realizes an integrated approach to address the issues of resource protection, improvement of energy supply and sanitation services. Furthermore, it strongly follows the community participatory approach in development of technologies. One of the expected final results is the improvement of soil quality to ensure long-term food security for the rural population of Kagera region. Thus a new alternative combination of technologies was developed and tested within a pilot project. Field trials are also conducted to evaluate the system's impact on plant growth and soil quality which started in September 2012. The first results of the general observation show a benefit of the new approach during to plant growth concerning size of the plants, health of the plants (esp. During period of stress due to draught) and amount as well as quality of the harvested maize and beans. Nevertheless the collected data does not show clear correlation between data and treatment. A big challenge was to protect the field trials from animals and thus losses of plants and harvest may also influence the quality of the data. To get more evidence of the data more field trials need to be conducted<ref name="Adam Bitakwate: ">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
+This practitioners' presentation provided information about experiences from field plant experiments done in Northern Tanzania within theproject “''Carbonization and Sanitation''” (CaSa). The CaSa project realizes an integrated approach to address the issues of resource protection, improvement of energy supply and sanitation services. Furthermore, it strongly follows the community participatory approach in development of technologies. One of the expected final results is the improvement of soil quality to ensure long-term food security for the rural population of Kagera region. Thus a new alternative combination of technologies was developed and tested within a pilot project. Field trials are also conducted to evaluate the system's impact on plant growth and soil quality which started in September 2012. The first results of the general observation show a benefit of the new approach during to plant growth concerning size of the plants, health of the plants (esp. During period of stress due to draught) and amount as well as quality of the harvested maize and beans. Nevertheless the collected data does not show clear correlation between data and treatment. A big challenge was to protect the field trials from animals and thus losses of plants and harvest may also influence the quality of the data. To get more evidence of the data more field trials need to be conducted<ref name="Adam Bitakwate:">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
 <br/>
@@ Line 294: / Line 295: @@
 ''5, Do you introduce materials from elsewhere or just material produced locally?''
-- Only a thermometer for the oven was brought from Germany. All other materials were organized at the region. The concept is based on lowtech-desgin so it is possible to build all technologies with materials that are locally available and with the expertise of the local community<ref name="Adam Bitakwate: ">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
+- Only a thermometer for the oven was brought from Germany. All other materials were organized at the region. The concept is based on lowtech-desgin so it is possible to build all technologies with materials that are locally available and with the expertise of the local community<ref name="Adam Bitakwate:">Adam Bitakwate: "Local plant nutrient recycling from anthropogenic waste – sharing the experience from field plant experiment in Tanzania" (Practitioner)</ref>.
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@@ Line 320: / Line 321: @@
 *www.ingenieure-ohne-grenzen.org/casa
 [[Category:Agriculture]]

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 <br/>
 = 'Energy and Food from the Soil - Competitors and/or Synergists?'. (Incl. Overview on Microenergy-systems & Agriculture) =
-[[Microenergy-Systems_and_Agriculture|--> Presentation]]<br/>
+[http://prezi.com/2npp7oliu-ya/untitled-prezi/ --> Presentation]
 <br/>
@@ Line 93: / Line 92: @@
 So lets turn our attention to the life-cycle of agricultural products and MES implemented in combination aiming at efficient use of resources.
-== <br/><br/>Systems Creating Closed Cycles  ==
+== <br/><br/>Systems Creating Closed Cycles ==
 <div>
 <u>'''Production'''</u><br/>
@@ Line 146: / Line 145: @@
 <br/>
 = Demand for Nutrients and Soil Condition to Get ´Good Quality´ Food Products – Perspective of Plant Nutrition =

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 15 April 2013
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−	~~== "What we eat matters!" ==~~

		+	= "What we eat matters!" =

	Another important issue which is relevant to the topic of competition for arable land and soil is the following:		Another important issue which is relevant to the topic of competition for arable land and soil is the following:
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	→ '''Global vegan diary would therefor also result in less land-use and thus less stress on competition between food and energy production from arable land.'''		→ '''Global vegan diary would therefor also result in less land-use and thus less stress on competition between food and energy production from arable land.'''
−