Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2018-09-11T13:09:58Z

Further Information

Ranisha at 15:00, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T15:00:52Z

Wiki Gardener at 11:26, 29 December 2014

2014-12-29T11:26:01Z

Wiki Gardener at 15:08, 11 August 2014

2014-08-11T15:08:39Z

Ranisha at 09:15, 17 July 2014

2014-07-17T09:15:16Z

Wiki Gardener at 12:50, 13 August 2013

2013-08-13T12:50:40Z

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Wiki Gardener at 15:24, 21 June 2012

2012-06-21T15:24:53Z

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Intern at 11:47, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T11:47:34Z

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Harald Olk at 14:39, 2 June 2010

2010-06-02T14:39:17Z

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Rauwol mar at 11:16, 4 May 2010

2010-05-04T11:16:35Z

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 *[[Portal:Grid|Grid Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 *[[Role of Regulation in Energy Access|Role of Regulation in Energy Access]]
 = References<br/> =

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 = Overview<br/> =
 The flow of electrical power, and of funds to pay for electricity received, across borders must occur within a long-term legal framework that ensures trust between partners, as well as structuring straightforward and transparent dealings between the trading countries and the public and/or private institutions that support grid interconnections.<ref>Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf</ref>
 = Legal Framework =
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 ► [http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection (UN)]
 = Further Information<br/> =
 *[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article "Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection" here.]
 *[[Portal:Grid|Grid Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
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+*[[Role of Regulation in Energy Access|Role of Regulation in Energy Access]]
 = References<br/> =
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 [[Category:Grid]]

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-= Overview<ref>Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf</ref><br/> =
+= Overview<br/> =
+The flow of electrical power, and of funds to pay for electricity received, across borders must occur within a long-term legal framework that ensures trust between partners, as well as structuring straightforward and transparent dealings between the trading countries and the public and/or private institutions that support grid interconnections.<ref>Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf</ref>
 <br/>
-A legal framework is necessary in order to identify the parties responsible for paying for power interconnection infrastructure, for the power itself, and for the costs of operating the infrastructure. In addition, legal agreements must specify the prices to be paid for electricity (and how those prices are to be calculated), what form of payment is acceptable, and other parameters of international funds transfer. Also, for example, legal agreements are needed to indicate which parties are responsible to any third parties harmed by interconnection-related activities, and describing how disputes between parties are to be addressed.<br/>
+= Legal Framework =
-<br/>
+► [http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection (UN)]
 <br/>
 = Further Information<br/> =
 *[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article "Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection" here.]
 *[[Portal:Grid|Grid Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 = References<br/> =
 <references />
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 [[Category:Legal_Framework]]

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-= Overview<br/> =
+= Overview<ref>Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf</ref><br/> =
 The flow of electrical power, and of funds to pay for electricity received, across borders must occur within a long-term legal framework that ensures trust between partners, as well as structuring straightforward and transparent dealings between the trading countries and the public and/or private institutions that support grid interconnections.<br/>
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 <br/>
-A legal framework is necessary in order to identify the parties responsible for paying for power interconnection infrastructure, for the power itself, and for the costs of operating the infrastructure. In addition, and as indicated in Chapter 3 of this report, legal agreements must specify the prices to be paid for electricity (and how those prices are to be calculated), what form of payment is acceptable, and other parameters of international funds transfer. Also, for example, legal agreements are needed to indicate which parties are responsible to any third parties harmed by interconnection-related activities, and describing how disputes between parties are to be addressed. <br/>
+= Legal Framework<ref name="Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf">Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf</ref> =
 <br/>
-The legal agreements needed to establish and operate a grid interconnection are both affected by and affect the status of the legal systems within the interconnected countries—these effects can be both positive and negative. The Chapter that follows reviews the legal issues associated with international electricity grid interconnections, including providing a summary of the types of institutions likely to be involved in power trading (and thus required to be involved in legal arrangements related to power trading), describing the types of country-to-country legal agreements needed to establish and operate power lines (including legal agreements related to contractor selection), identifying some of the internal requirements needed to implement international legal agreements related to power trading—including characteristics of <br/>
+The legal agreements needed to establish and operate a grid interconnection are both affected by and affect the status of the legal systems within the interconnected countries—these effects can be both positive and negative. The Chapter that follows reviews the legal issues associated with international electricity grid interconnections, including providing a summary of the types of institutions likely to be involved in power trading (and thus required to be involved in legal arrangements related to power trading), describing the types of country-to-country legal agreements needed to establish and operate power lines (including legal agreements related to contractor selection), identifying some of the internal requirements needed to implement international legal agreements related to power trading—including characteristics of<br/>
 <br/>
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 = Further Information<br/> =
-*[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article here.]
+*[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article "Legal Aspects of Grid Interconnection" here.]
-*[[Portal:Grid|Portal:Grid]]<br/>
+*[[Portal:Grid|Grid Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 <br/>
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 = References<br/> =
-*[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf www.un.org]<br/>
+<references />
 <br/>
 [[Category:Grid]]

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 = Overview<br/> =
-The flow of electrical power, and of funds to pay for electricity received, across borders must occur within a long-term legal framework that ensures trust between partners, as well as structuring straightforward and transparent dealings between the trading countries and the public and/or private institutions that support grid interconnections. A legal framework is necessary in order to identify the parties responsible for paying for power interconnection infrastructure, for the power itself, and for the costs of operating the infrastructure. In addition, and as indicated in Chapter 3 of this report, legal agreements must specify the prices to be paid for electricity (and how those prices are to be calculated), what form of payment is acceptable, and other parameters of international funds transfer. Also, for example, legal agreements are needed to indicate which parties are responsible to any third parties harmed by interconnection-related activities, and describing how disputes between parties are to be addressed. The legal agreements needed to establish and operate a grid interconnection are both affected by and affect the status of the legal systems within the interconnected countries—these effects can be both positive and negative. The Chapter that follows reviews the legal issues associated with international electricity grid interconnections, including providing a summary of the types of institutions likely to be involved in power trading (and thus required to be involved in legal arrangements related to power trading), describing the types of country-to-country legal agreements needed to establish and operate power lines (including legal agreements related to contractor selection), identifying some of the internal requirements needed to implement international legal agreements related to power trading—including characteristics of National legal systems that can make international legal agreements more complex, and noting some of the potential benefits to a national legal system from being involved in international agreements related to grid interconnections. In general, this Chapter focuses on legal agreements between and involving national governments, though agreements with others are described to some extent as well.
+The flow of electrical power, and of funds to pay for electricity received, across borders must occur within a long-term legal framework that ensures trust between partners, as well as structuring straightforward and transparent dealings between the trading countries and the public and/or private institutions that support grid interconnections.<br/>
 <br/>
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 = Further Information<br/> =
-[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article here.]
+*[http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/chapter4.pdf Find the full article here.]
+*[[Portal:Grid|Portal:Grid]]<br/>
 = References<br/> =
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 [[Category:Grid]]

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 .7.1. Establishing cross-border legal standards Completed, accepted, and successful agreements to share power resources between nations can serve as templates for other types of cross-border legal agreements. Other types of agreements between neighboring countries could include agreements to buy and sell other energy resources, minerals, or other natural resources, agreements to jointly build, maintain, and operate international transportation networks84, agreements on conserving environmental resources (including water) that cross national borders, agreements related to greenhouse gas emissions trading, or even agreements on sharing labor resources. Once the required legal transparency for settling interconnection issues has been developed, the experience may help the implementation of needed reforms in other areas of the national legal system, leading ultimately to a more open and trustworthy (both for outside and domestic parties) national legal process.
-== 4.7.2. Building confidence of outside parties in the national legal system ==
+== 4.7.2. Building confidence of outside parties in the national legal system  ==
 In addition to the implications of legal agreements related to interconnection for the national legal system, the demonstrated adherence by a country to an international contract (the interconnection agreement) may help to increase the confidence of outside parties in the country’s national legal system. When a country, particularly a country that has previously had a record of difficulty in abiding by contracts with external parties, demonstrates its trustworthiness in making the contracted payments and providing the contracted energy covered by the interconnection agreement, outside confidence in the country’s ability to follow through on legal obligations is enhanced. In a related manner, when legal proceedings related to the interconnection contract take place in a national court, and proceed in a smooth, orderly, and demonstrably fair fashion, one consequence is likely to be higher confidence by foreigners in the national legal system, thus lowering potential barriers to increased trade between countries.
-== 4.8. Summary and Conclusions ==
+== 4.8. Summary and Conclusions  ==
 International electricity grid interconnections, except perhaps in their very simplest forms, can be very complex legal undertakings, involving a variety of national, sub-national, and even international parties to the agreements required for planning, building, and operating power lines used to buy and sell electricity across borders. As such, binding legal agreements between countries (and between the countries and the outside lenders, if any, providing project financing), as well as the negotiation processes that produce the agreements, must be transparent and enforceable. This requires national legal capacity to draft, review, enforce, adhere to, and in the event of a disagreement, adjudicate contract issues. A past history of having an unpredictable or corrupt legal system, or a legal system that changes markedly when governments change, may prove a detriment in negotiating power trading deals, whereas, conversely, a nation’s history of adherence to the Rule of Law at a high international standard may smooth the path to power-sharing agreements. The existence of interconnection agreements can help to pave the way for agreements between nations on other important matters, including trade in other resources, and other joint projects. The experience gained in negotiating and complying with the international agreements required to build and operate an interconnection can also serve to build confidence in a country’s legal system, as well as serving as a source of experience in international-standard legal system operations. Some of the key issues, as discussed above, that must be addressed setting up a legal framework for international electricity grid interconnections include: • Power purchase and pricing agreements, including agreements on the currency of payment, the escalation and/or indexing of prices to prices of other energy commodities over time, and penalties if sales or purchase minimums are not met. • Agreements on siting of power lines and related infrastructure, such as routes between generating plants and consuming grids, and placement of substations and interconverter (for AC-DCAC systems) stations. • Agreements on power line operation, including deciding upon or constituting an joint authority to operate the interconnection, and agreeing on how the power line operator will be governed or overseen by both parties. Agreements on power line operation will also include agreements on how the interconnection right-of-way is to be maintained. • Agreements on power line security, including agreements on which parties will be liable in the event of different types of incidents resulting in power line damage. • Agreements on the environmental performance of the interconnection, potentially including environmental standards to be met during construction of the line, and environmental and safety (including fire safety) standards to be met during line operation. • Agreements on liability for power line failure, including damages to third parties caused by power line failure. • Agreements for the orderly, fair, and open selection of contractors to build and/or operate and maintain interconnection infrastructure, including agreements on how such contractors are to be overseen by parties to the project.
-[[Category:Grid]]
+[[Category:Grid old]]