Ethiopia Energy Situation - Revision history

Till Serafimov: /* Energy Situation */

2021-05-03T05:54:40Z

Energy Situation

Katharina Telfser: /* Further Information */

2020-09-11T14:48:44Z

Further Information

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 14:00, 21 January 2020

2020-01-21T14:00:46Z

Ranisha: /* World Bank */

2019-05-27T09:28:36Z

World Bank

Ranisha: /* World Bank */

2019-05-27T09:24:17Z

World Bank

Ranisha at 19:37, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T19:37:50Z

Sarah Serawitu at 07:52, 4 May 2018

2018-05-04T07:52:06Z

Sarah Serawitu at 07:31, 4 May 2018

2018-05-04T07:31:08Z

Show changes

Sarah Serawitu at 07:23, 4 May 2018

2018-05-04T07:23:47Z

Show changes

Sarah Serawitu: /* Electricity Sector */

2018-05-04T07:09:51Z

Electricity Sector

Show changes

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 <br/>
 = Energy Situation =
 Ethiopia has a final energy consumption of around 40,000 GWh, whereof 92&nbsp;% are consumed by domestic appliances, 4&nbsp;% by transport sector and 3&nbsp;% by industry. Most of the energy supply thereby is covered by bioenergy, which in case of domestic use is usually stemming from unsustainable sources. The produced electricity of ~ 9000 GWh/a is mainly generated by hydro energy (96&nbsp;%) followed by wind energy (4&nbsp;%), whereof in total 11&nbsp;% get exported. In contrast the major share of energy supply for transport is imported in forms of petroleum. <ref>International Energy Agency 2014: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?year=2014&country=Ethiopia&product=Balances (30.6.17)</ref><br/>
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 Due to its fast economic growth the energy demand is increasing enormous. Therefore it is expected to rise by a rate of 10 -14&nbsp;% per year till 2037. <ref>Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation 2013: ETH energy master plan</ref><br/>
-Today only 27&nbsp;% of the population have access to electricity grid. This share is increasing due to an extension of the national grid on the one hand, and an increasing number of Stand-alone-systems and Mini-grids on the other hand.<br/>
+Today only 27&nbsp;% of the rural population have access to electricity grid. This share is increasing due to an extension of the national grid on the one hand, and an increasing number of Stand-alone-systems and Mini-grids on the other hand.<br/>
 <br/>
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 <br/>
-The GIZ '''Energising Development (EnDev) Ethiopia''' is planning to rehabilitate the Yaye plant and to feed the generated power into the national grid, once the scheme is operational again. Furthermore, EnDev implemented four pilot MHP sites (cross-flow turbines) in the Sidama Zone/SNNPR with a capacity of 7 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho I|Gobecho I]]), 30 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho II|Gobecho II]]), 33 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Ererte|Ererte]]) and 55 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Hagara Sodicha|Hagara Sodicha]]) respectively and upgraded a watermill in Jimma Zone/Oromia<span style="line-height: 20.4px; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;</span>[[Micro Hydro Power in Leku, Ethiopia|(Leku]]<span style="line-height: 20.4px; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">) into a 20 kW MHP, further a&nbsp;</span>10 kW MHP plant in Kersa. Other than that, several pico hydro schemes as well as 32 cross flow turbines exist, which power flour mills with outputs ranging between 5 and 22 kW. The latter were commissioned by '''Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY)'''. Nonetheless 35-40% of those plants are not operational anymore due to a lack of water during dry season and management as well as technical problems<ref name="IED">IED (2006): Off-grid rural electrification master plan study.</ref>. EECMY and REF are planning the installation of further MHP plants such as a 55 kW scheme on the Bege River and a 5.5 kW scheme in Sire<ref name="BÖLLI">_</ref>. In 1994 the Ethiopian NGO Ethiopian Rural Self-Help Association (ERSHA) implemented another hydro powered grain mill near Ambo, which is said to be still operational<ref name="IED">_</ref>. Additionally, the current GTP (2010 – 2015) includes the installation of 65 MHP plants<ref name="ERG11">_</ref>. No further details regarding capacity and location of latter are available at the time<ref name="MEDER">Meder, K. (2011): Application of Environment Assessment and Watershed Action Planning related to GIZ ECO Micro Hydropower Plants in the Sidama zone/Ethiopia (unpublished Diploma thesis).</ref>.<br/>
+The GIZ '''Energising Development (EnDev) Ethiopia''' is planning to rehabilitate the Yaye plant and to feed the generated power into the national grid, once the scheme is operational again. Furthermore, EnDev implemented four pilot MHP sites (cross-flow turbines) in the Sidama Zone/SNNPR with a capacity of 7 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho I|Gobecho I]]), 30 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho II|Gobecho II]]), 33 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Ererte|Ererte]]) and 55 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Hagara Sodicha|Hagara Sodicha]]) respectively and upgraded a watermill in Jimma Zone/Oromia<span style="line-height: 20.4px;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;</span>[[Micro Hydro Power in Leku, Ethiopia|(Leku]]<span style="line-height: 20.4px;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">) into a 20 kW MHP, further a&nbsp;</span>10 kW MHP plant in Kersa. Other than that, several pico hydro schemes as well as 32 cross flow turbines exist, which power flour mills with outputs ranging between 5 and 22 kW. The latter were commissioned by '''Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY)'''. Nonetheless 35-40% of those plants are not operational anymore due to a lack of water during dry season and management as well as technical problems<ref name="IED">IED (2006): Off-grid rural electrification master plan study.</ref>. EECMY and REF are planning the installation of further MHP plants such as a 55 kW scheme on the Bege River and a 5.5 kW scheme in Sire<ref name="BÖLLI">_</ref>. In 1994 the Ethiopian NGO Ethiopian Rural Self-Help Association (ERSHA) implemented another hydro powered grain mill near Ambo, which is said to be still operational<ref name="IED">_</ref>. Additionally, the current GTP (2010 – 2015) includes the installation of 65 MHP plants<ref name="ERG11">_</ref>. No further details regarding capacity and location of latter are available at the time<ref name="MEDER">Meder, K. (2011): Application of Environment Assessment and Watershed Action Planning related to GIZ ECO Micro Hydropower Plants in the Sidama zone/Ethiopia (unpublished Diploma thesis).</ref>.<br/>
 Furthermore, GIZ Energizing Development (EnDev) Ethiopia is conducting inclusive survey for the conversion of 30 traditional watermills into micro hydro-power schemes. The studies are undertaken jointly with established Centers of Excellence for Hydropower at inter alia Arba Minch & Jimma Universities.
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 = Market Situation<br/> =

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 = Further Information<br/> =
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 *Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Water Resources (2002): ''Water Sector Development Program 2002 – 2016, Hydro Power Development Program'', Addis Ababa, 2002.
 *USAID Power Africa: [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Ethiopia_-_November_2018_Fact_Sheet.pdf Ethiopia Factsheet]
 <br/>
 = Abbreviations & Names<br/> =

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 {{CES Country|CES Country Name=Ethiopia
 |CES Country Capital=Addis Ababa
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 <br/>
-The GIZ '''Energising Development (EnDev) Ethiopia''' is planning to rehabilitate the Yaye plant and to feed the generated power into the national grid, once the scheme is operational again. Furthermore, EnDev implemented four pilot MHP sites (cross-flow turbines) in the Sidama Zone/SNNPR with a capacity of 7 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho I|Gobecho I]]), 30 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho II|Gobecho II]]), 33 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Ererte|Ererte]]) and 55 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Hagara Sodicha|Hagara Sodicha]]) respectively and upgraded a watermill in Jimma Zone/Oromia<span style="line-height: 20.4px;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;</span>[[Micro Hydro Power in Leku, Ethiopia|(Leku]]<span style="line-height: 20.4px;  font-size: 13.6px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">) into a 20 kW MHP, further a&nbsp;</span>10 kW MHP plant in Kersa. Other than that, several pico hydro schemes as well as 32 cross flow turbines exist, which power flour mills with outputs ranging between 5 and 22 kW. The latter were commissioned by '''Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY)'''. Nonetheless 35-40% of those plants are not operational anymore due to a lack of water during dry season and management as well as technical problems<ref name="IED">IED (2006): Off-grid rural electrification master plan study.</ref>. EECMY and REF are planning the installation of further MHP plants such as a 55 kW scheme on the Bege River and a 5.5 kW scheme in Sire<ref name="BÖLLI">_</ref>. In 1994 the Ethiopian NGO Ethiopian Rural Self-Help Association (ERSHA) implemented another hydro powered grain mill near Ambo, which is said to be still operational<ref name="IED">_</ref>. Additionally, the current GTP (2010 – 2015) includes the installation of 65 MHP plants<ref name="ERG11">_</ref>. No further details regarding capacity and location of latter are available at the time<ref name="MEDER">Meder, K. (2011): Application of Environment Assessment and Watershed Action Planning related to GIZ ECO Micro Hydropower Plants in the Sidama zone/Ethiopia (unpublished Diploma thesis).</ref>.<br/>
+The GIZ '''Energising Development (EnDev) Ethiopia''' is planning to rehabilitate the Yaye plant and to feed the generated power into the national grid, once the scheme is operational again. Furthermore, EnDev implemented four pilot MHP sites (cross-flow turbines) in the Sidama Zone/SNNPR with a capacity of 7 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho I|Gobecho I]]), 30 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Gobecho II|Gobecho II]]), 33 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Ererte|Ererte]]) and 55 kW ([[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Ethiopia, Hagara Sodicha|Hagara Sodicha]]) respectively and upgraded a watermill in Jimma Zone/Oromia<span style="line-height: 20.4px; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">&nbsp;</span>[[Micro Hydro Power in Leku, Ethiopia|(Leku]]<span style="line-height: 20.4px; font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">) into a 20 kW MHP, further a&nbsp;</span>10 kW MHP plant in Kersa. Other than that, several pico hydro schemes as well as 32 cross flow turbines exist, which power flour mills with outputs ranging between 5 and 22 kW. The latter were commissioned by '''Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY)'''. Nonetheless 35-40% of those plants are not operational anymore due to a lack of water during dry season and management as well as technical problems<ref name="IED">IED (2006): Off-grid rural electrification master plan study.</ref>. EECMY and REF are planning the installation of further MHP plants such as a 55 kW scheme on the Bege River and a 5.5 kW scheme in Sire<ref name="BÖLLI">_</ref>. In 1994 the Ethiopian NGO Ethiopian Rural Self-Help Association (ERSHA) implemented another hydro powered grain mill near Ambo, which is said to be still operational<ref name="IED">_</ref>. Additionally, the current GTP (2010 – 2015) includes the installation of 65 MHP plants<ref name="ERG11">_</ref>. No further details regarding capacity and location of latter are available at the time<ref name="MEDER">Meder, K. (2011): Application of Environment Assessment and Watershed Action Planning related to GIZ ECO Micro Hydropower Plants in the Sidama zone/Ethiopia (unpublished Diploma thesis).</ref>.<br/>
 Furthermore, GIZ Energizing Development (EnDev) Ethiopia is conducting inclusive survey for the conversion of 30 traditional watermills into micro hydro-power schemes. The studies are undertaken jointly with established Centers of Excellence for Hydropower at inter alia Arba Minch & Jimma Universities.
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 == Wind Energy ==
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Recommendations for Renewable Sector ==
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Fossil Fuels<br/> ==
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 = Market Situation<br/> =
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 Although it is not profitable for the private sector to build and run mini-grids, the sector has nonetheless developed widespread skills in sectors including civil construction, manufacturing of metal components, manufacturing of turbines (although there is a lack of tools to make efficient runners for the turbines), electro-mechanical equipment and electric grid installation. as well as service and maintenance of these elements. A clear and structured assessment of the true capacities of the sector has yet to be carried out.<br/>
+<br/>
 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]
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 *Lack of off-grid friendly legislation
 *Capacity deficit of conformity Assessment Enterprise (testing and approving)
 Electrification efforts are hampered by the following aspects: Scaling up electrification capacity to levels unachieved to-date; Dealing with electricity supply sources outside the national grid; Scaling up connectivity in the rural areas to get electricity to the nearly 14 million rural homes that are currently without any supply; Tackling technical challenges associated with the proliferation of long lines in the grid that carry very small loads into the rural areas.<ref name="Angelica Afanador, Michèle Koper, Mekonnen Lulie, Getnet Tesfaye, and Mengistu Teferra. ‘Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Ethiopia’. NAMA Developed within the Mitigation Momentum Project’. Ecofys, SNV Ethiopia, 2016. http://www.mitigationmomentum.org/downloads/NAMA-proposal-for-Off-grid-Rural-electrification-in-Ethiopia_April-2016.pdf.">Angelica Afanador, Michèle Koper, Mekonnen Lulie, Getnet Tesfaye, and Mengistu Teferra. ‘Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Ethiopia’. NAMA Developed within the Mitigation Momentum Project’. Ecofys, SNV Ethiopia, 2016. http://www.mitigationmomentum.org/downloads/NAMA-proposal-for-Off-grid-Rural-electrification-in-Ethiopia_April-2016.pdf. </ref>
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 === World Bank<br/> ===
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 '''Scaling Solar Program:'''&nbsp;In Nov 2018, the World bank provided USD 1.2 billion funding to Ethiopia for the Scaling Solar program. This program aims to install up to 500 MW of solar energy, with 250 MW already in its phase. The first phase will be developed in Somali Regional State and Afar Regional State. Each of the regions will generate 125 MW solar power and will require USD 150 million respectively.<ref name="https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/ifc-invest-500mw-solar-power">https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/ifc-invest-500mw-solar-power</ref>
 === Japan<br/> ===
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 *Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Water Resources (2002): ''Water Sector Development Program 2002 – 2016'', Main Report, Addis Ababa, 2002.
 *Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Water Resources (2002): ''Water Sector Development Program 2002 – 2016, Hydro Power Development Program'', Addis Ababa, 2002.
 = Abbreviations & Names<br/> =

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 <br/>
-'''Scaling Solar Program:'''&nbsp;In Nov 2018, the World bank provided USD 1.2 billion funding to Ethiopia for the Scaling Solar program. This program aims to install up to 500 MW of solar energy, with 250 MW already in its phase. The first phase will be developed in Somali Regional State and Afar Regional State. Each of the regions will generate 125 MW solar power and will require USD 150 million respectively.
+'''Scaling Solar Program:'''&nbsp;In Nov 2018, the World bank provided USD 1.2 billion funding to Ethiopia for the Scaling Solar program. This program aims to install up to 500 MW of solar energy, with 250 MW already in its phase. The first phase will be developed in Somali Regional State and Afar Regional State. Each of the regions will generate 125 MW solar power and will require USD 150 million respectively.<ref name="https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/ifc-invest-500mw-solar-power">https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/ifc-invest-500mw-solar-power</ref>

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 === World Bank<br/> ===
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 === Japan<br/> ===

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 '''Recent developments'''<br/>
-In recent years, cooking and baking on electrical stoves has gained popularity in Ethiopian households connected to the national grid. Local markets offer a variety of electrical baking and cooking devices locally manufactured as well as imported; whereas charcoal and even fuelwood (for injera baking) are used as a backup in case of power outages. Even in rural settlements connected to the grid (12% in 2014), the uptake of electric stoves (as well as other electric appliances) is increasing with growing national-grid coverage. The trend is intensified by the very low, subsidised electricity tariff[[#_ftn1|[1]]] in Ethiopia.<br/>
+In recent years, cooking and baking on electrical stoves has gained popularity in Ethiopian households connected to the national grid. Local markets offer a variety of electrical baking and cooking devices locally manufactured as well as imported; whereas charcoal and even fuelwood (for injera baking) are used as a backup in case of power outages. Even in rural settlements connected to the grid (12% in 2014), the uptake of electric stoves (as well as other electric appliances) is increasing with growing national-grid coverage. The trend is intensified by the very low, subsidised electricity tariff<ref>USDcent 2.8 to 3.0 per kWh.</ref> in Ethiopia.
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
+<br/>
 == Solar ==
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 [[Ethiopia Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
+<br/>
 == Micro Hydropower (MHP)<br/> ==
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 Although it is not profitable for the private sector to build and run mini-grids, the sector has nonetheless developed widespread skills in sectors including civil construction, manufacturing of metal components, manufacturing of turbines (although there is a lack of tools to make efficient runners for the turbines), electro-mechanical equipment and electric grid installation. as well as service and maintenance of these elements. A clear and structured assessment of the true capacities of the sector has yet to be carried out.<br/>
 = Electricity Sector<br/> =