Cooking with Firewood - Revision history

Tom Schulze at 12:55, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T12:55:07Z

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

2018-04-30T12:18:26Z

Text replace - "left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium<br/><br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:22, 27 July 2017

2017-07-27T09:22:41Z

Heike Volkmer at 13:16, 20 December 2016

2016-12-20T13:16:05Z

Heike Volkmer: /* How is Firewood Used for Cooking? */

2016-12-20T13:11:56Z

How is Firewood Used for Cooking?

Heike Volkmer: /* Introduction - What is Firewood? */

2016-12-20T13:02:15Z

Introduction - What is Firewood?

Heike Volkmer at 13:00, 20 December 2016

2016-12-20T13:00:36Z

Heike Volkmer: /* Further Information */

2016-12-20T12:58:11Z

Further Information

Heike Volkmer at 12:54, 20 December 2016

2016-12-20T12:54:53Z

Heike Volkmer: /* Moisture Content of Firewood */

2016-12-20T12:53:35Z

Moisture Content of Firewood

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 This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]].
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 [[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
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 = Introduction - What is Firewood? =
-[[File:Firewood burning.jpg|thumb|right|300pxpx|burning firewood]]A key characteristic of humankind is the ability to control fire and utilize it to prepare food. The oldest cooking fuel is firewood<ref name="Sepp, S. / GIZ HERA (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. / GIZ HERA (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> in the form of logs and branches from trees. Firewood (synonym: fuelwood) is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as “wood in the rough (from trunks and branches of trees) to be used as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or power production."<ref name="FAO (2004): Unified Bioenergy Terminology ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j4504e/j4504e00.pdf">FAO (2004): Unified Bioenergy Terminology ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j4504e/j4504e00.pdf</ref> Firewood can be categorized into hardwood and softwood: in comparison to hardwoods, softwoods burn more quickly and generate less heat owing to a lower energy (carbon) content per volume. However, energy content per weight is similar for all hardwood and softwood; the moisture content of a firewood primarily determines its energy content. The drier the firewood, the less energy is required to evaporate the water, thus the more energy is available for heating or cooking purposes.
+[[File:Firewood burning.jpg|thumb|right|300px|burning firewood]]A key characteristic of humankind is the ability to control fire and utilize it to prepare food. The oldest cooking fuel is firewood<ref name="Sepp, S. / GIZ HERA (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. / GIZ HERA (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> in the form of logs and branches from trees. Firewood (synonym: fuelwood) is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as “wood in the rough (from trunks and branches of trees) to be used as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or power production."<ref name="FAO (2004): Unified Bioenergy Terminology ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j4504e/j4504e00.pdf">FAO (2004): Unified Bioenergy Terminology ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j4504e/j4504e00.pdf</ref> Firewood can be categorized into hardwood and softwood: in comparison to hardwoods, softwoods burn more quickly and generate less heat owing to a lower energy (carbon) content per volume. However, energy content per weight is similar for all hardwood and softwood; the moisture content of a firewood primarily determines its energy content. The drier the firewood, the less energy is required to evaporate the water, thus the more energy is available for heating or cooking purposes.
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 = How does Firewood Burn? =
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 = How is Firewood Used for Cooking? =
-[[File:Mozambique - firewood collector.jpg|thumb|right|300pxpx|Firewood collector in Mozambique]]For households in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is common for rural households to use firewood as their main source of cooking energy. The use of firewood in rural areas is still predominant since it is often the only available, accessible and affordable fuel in the region.
+[[File:Mozambique - firewood collector.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Firewood collector in Mozambique]]For households in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is common for rural households to use firewood as their main source of cooking energy. The use of firewood in rural areas is still predominant since it is often the only available, accessible and affordable fuel in the region.
 '''Accessibility '''of firewood is a crucial factor for households using firewood for cooking purpose, especially in rural areas where alternative fuels such as LPG are often not reliable available. Households can collect firewood close to their homesteads at all times due to the fact that it is available year-round and not susceptible to heavy seasonal fluctuations. Nonetheless, where firewood is decreasingly available, people are faced with ever-increasing distances and must therefore expend more labor and time to collect firewood, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas.
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 = Health and Environmental Impacts of Firewood Burning for Cooking =
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+This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/html/2769.html GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]].
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 [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]

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 = How is Firewood Used for Cooking? =
-For households in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is common for rural households to use firewood as their main source of cooking energy. The use of firewood in rural areas is still predominant since it is often the only available, accessible and affordable fuel in the region.
+[[File:Mozambique - firewood collector.jpg|thumb|right|300pxpx|Firewood collector in Mozambique]]For households in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is common for rural households to use firewood as their main source of cooking energy. The use of firewood in rural areas is still predominant since it is often the only available, accessible and affordable fuel in the region.
 '''Accessibility '''of firewood is a crucial factor for households using firewood for cooking purpose, especially in rural areas where alternative fuels such as LPG are often not reliable available. Households can collect firewood close to their homesteads at all times due to the fact that it is available year-round and not susceptible to heavy seasonal fluctuations. Nonetheless, where firewood is decreasingly available, people are faced with ever-increasing distances and must therefore expend more labor and time to collect firewood, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas.
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 = Health and Environmental Impacts of Firewood Burning for Cooking =

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 = Introduction - What is Firewood? =
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 = Further Information =
-*[[Firewood_Cookstoves|Firewood Cookstoves]], article on energypedia
+*[[Firewood Cookstoves|Firewood Cookstoves]], article on energypedia
-*[[Cooking_Fuels|Cooking Fuels]], article on energypedia
+*[[Cooking Fuels|Cooking Fuels]], article on energypedia
 *The [http://www.fao.org/forestry/energy/en/ FAO Wood Energy Website]
 *The [http://www.bios-bioenergy.at/ BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME Website]
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-[[Category:Firewood]]
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-[[Category:Woodfuel]]
-[[Category:Cooking_Fuels]]
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-[[Category:Wood_Energy]]
 = References =
 <references />
 [[Category:Impacts_Environmental]]
-[[Category:Impacts_Health]]
+[[Category:Wood_Energy]]
 [[Category:Woodfuel]]
 [[Category:Firewood]]

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 = How does Firewood Burn? =
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 = Moisture Content of Firewood =
-[[File:Wood and Moisture.jpg|thumb|right|300pxpx|Wood and moisture]]The efficient burning of firewood is determined by the availability of oxygen and the temperature. [[Firewood Cookstoves|The Rocket-Stove-Principle]] optimises both factors. However, even the best-designed stove will perform inefficiently when used with wet firewood, because moisture reduces the net usable energy output of a fuel. The figure below illustrates how energy is wasted in firewood with high moisture content. It takes up to 3.21 MJ of energy to evaporate one kg of water in the process of heating the firewood up to the needed pyrolysis temperature of around 400° C from an ambient temperature. This takes into account the fact that water vapour is also heated to the same temperature as the wood-gas. The energy required to heat the water vapour is, in turn, not available for cooking. It is preferable to avoid using wet fuel and allow the sun to dry it rather than unnecessarily waste energy on evaporating water. Besides the lower energy output, firewood with high moisture content is more difficult to light. Moreover, the moisture from the fuel cools the flames and evaporated steam mixed with the combustible gases act as a fire-extinguisher leading to incomplete combustion as well as smoke.
+[[File:Wood and Moisture.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Wood and moisture]]The efficient burning of firewood is determined by the availability of oxygen and the temperature. [[Firewood Cookstoves|The Rocket-Stove-Principle]] optimises both factors. However, even the best-designed stove will perform inefficiently when used with wet firewood, because moisture reduces the net usable energy output of a fuel. The figure below illustrates how energy is wasted in firewood with high moisture content. It takes up to 3.21 MJ of energy to evaporate one kg of water in the process of heating the firewood up to the needed pyrolysis temperature of around 400° C from an ambient temperature. This takes into account the fact that water vapour is also heated to the same temperature as the wood-gas. The energy required to heat the water vapour is, in turn, not available for cooking. It is preferable to avoid using wet fuel and allow the sun to dry it rather than unnecessarily waste energy on evaporating water. Besides the lower energy output, firewood with high moisture content is more difficult to light. Moreover, the moisture from the fuel cools the flames and evaporated steam mixed with the combustible gases act as a fire-extinguisher leading to incomplete combustion as well as smoke.
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 = Global Firewood Production and Consumption =
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 *FAO (2008) Forestry Paper 154&nbsp; “[ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0139e/i0139e00.pdf Forests and energy]”
 *GIZ HERA (2011) “[http://www.giz.de/Themen/en/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wood-energy-talking-points.pdf Wood Energy – renewable, profitable, and modern]”
-*WHO (2014): [[Www.who.int/indoorair/publications/household-fuel-combustion/en/|Indoor air quality guidelines: household fuel combustion]]
+*WHO (2014): [http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/household-fuel-combustion/en/ Indoor air quality guidelines: household fuel combustion]
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 [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]