Access to Modern Energy - Revision history

Lisafeldmann: /* Overview */

2019-01-08T09:16:35Z

Overview

Lisafeldmann: /* Overview */

2019-01-08T09:16:19Z

Overview

Lisafeldmann: /* Overview */

2019-01-08T09:16:03Z

Overview

Lisafeldmann at 09:15, 8 January 2019

2019-01-08T09:15:44Z

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 14:26, 1 October 2018

2018-10-01T14:26:14Z

Johanna: /* Health */

2018-09-27T10:12:42Z

Health

Ranisha at 14:32, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T14:32:17Z

Johanna: /* Further Information */

2018-05-01T09:07:45Z

Further Information

Johanna: /* Further Information */

2018-03-21T13:49:53Z

Further Information

Johanna at 17:51, 12 January 2017

2017-01-12T17:51:49Z

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	Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.		Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.
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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 8 January 2019
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	Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.		Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.

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 = Overview<br/> =
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 Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.
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 = Common Understanding of Energy Poverty / Energy Access<br/> =

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 Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.
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 -> '''Please see also the [[Total Energy Wiki|Total Energy Access questionnaire]] on energypedia - a tool designed to assess whether a household meets the "Total Energy Access (TEA)" minimum standards.'''
 [[Category:Water_Supply]]

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 = Overview<br/> =
 Access to energy is a prerequisite of human development. Energy is needed for individual survival, it is important for the provision of social services such as education and health and a critical input into all economic sectors from household production or farming, to industry. The wealth and development status of a nation and its inhabitants is closely correlated to the type and extent of access to energy. The more ready usable energy and the more efficient energy converting technologies are available, the better are the conditions for development of individuals, households, communities, the society and its economy. Thus, improving access to energy is a continuous challenge for governments and development organisations.
 = Common Understanding of Energy Poverty / Energy Access<br/> =
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 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
 == Health ==
-Modern [[Access_to_modern_energy_and_the_impact_on_health|energy access has the potential to improve health]] in rural areas both directly- by powering healthcare facilities- and indirectly, by providing cleaner fuel sources and reducing debilitating labor.<br/>The inefficient combustion of solid fuels combined with inadequate ventilation contributes to poor health in many households. These high levels of indoor air pollution often result in decreased pulmonary function, particularly amongst women and children. According to the WHO<ref name="http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/fuelforlife/en/index.html">http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/fuelforlife/en/index.html</ref>, approximately 1.5 million premature deaths are attributable annually to indoor air pollution, making it the second largest environmental health risk factor in the world. Indoor air pollution is also responsible for 38 million '''disability adjusted lost years (DALY)''', where one DALY represents one healthy year of life lost by an individual due to disease or adverse health conditions, which in turn has numerous impacts on income generation, livelihoods and education.<br/>Furthermore, this dependency on biomass resources such as fuelwood and the lack of intermediary means of transportation means that increasingly large distances are traveled with these heavy loads, often resulting in debilitating back conditions, particularly impacting women and children.<br/>This is also having widespread implications for the natural environment in vulnerable regions, with biomass fuel sources rapidly depleting, placing even greater pressure on the poor just to meet basic needs<ref name="EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf">EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf</ref>.
+Modern [[Access to modern energy and the impact on health|energy access has the potential to improve health]] in rural areas both directly- by powering healthcare facilities- and indirectly, by providing cleaner fuel sources and reducing debilitating labor.<br/>The inefficient combustion of solid fuels combined with inadequate ventilation contributes to poor health in many households. These high levels of indoor air pollution often result in decreased pulmonary function, particularly amongst women and children. According to the WHO<ref name="http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/fuelforlife/en/index.html">http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/fuelforlife/en/index.html</ref>, approximately 1.5 million premature deaths are attributable annually to indoor air pollution, making it the second largest environmental health risk factor in the world. Indoor air pollution is also responsible for 38 million '''disability adjusted lost years (DALY)''', where one DALY represents one healthy year of life lost by an individual due to disease or adverse health conditions, which in turn has numerous impacts on income generation, livelihoods and education.<br/>Furthermore, this dependency on biomass resources such as fuelwood and the lack of intermediary means of transportation means that increasingly large distances are traveled with these heavy loads, often resulting in debilitating back conditions, particularly impacting women and children.<br/>This is also having widespread implications for the natural environment in vulnerable regions, with biomass fuel sources rapidly depleting, placing even greater pressure on the poor just to meet basic needs<ref name="EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf">EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf</ref>.
 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
 == Clean Water ==
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 Affordability and payment mechanisms are key considerations when assessing energy interventions. The poorest households often spend a disproportionate amount of their income on energy. Amongst those earning less than $3000 annually the percentage of total household expenditure spent on energy can be as high as 12%. In most cases it is the capital costs associated with shifting to a new energy carrier or end use technology that present the greatest barrier for poorer households. To remediate this, many payment mechanisms are possible ranging from subsidies to loans to upfront payments. These mechanisms need to be tailored to the specific needs of lower income households<ref name="EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf">EarthTrends Update May 2009, Energy Access for Development: http://www.homeofgeography.org/uk/news_2009/EarTrend_May09.pdf</ref>.
-Most<ref name="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy.html">http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy.html</ref> still favor conventional centralized energy schemes such as fossil fuel plants or large scale hydro power. However, for the many residing in rural locations a smaller scale decentralized approach is far more likely to meet their needs. It is often [[Affordability_of_Grid_Electricity|economically unfeasible to extend the national grid to low density rural communities]], particularly when combined with the relatively low energy consumption of these populations. In such situations, decentralized sources are the only feasible option. When combined with the drive for "sustainable energy" renewables become particularly attractive.<br/><br/>i.e.<ref name="http://practicalaction.org/?id=energy">http://practicalaction.org/?id=energy</ref> energy technologies which do not supply to a national grid, can take a number of forms including diesel generators, micro-hydro schemes, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic. The most suitable technology is dependent on a combination of physical, economic and social factors.
+Most<ref name="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy.html">http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy.html</ref> still favor conventional centralized energy schemes such as fossil fuel plants or large scale hydro power. However, for the many residing in rural locations a smaller scale decentralized approach is far more likely to meet their needs. It is often [[Affordability of Grid Electricity|economically unfeasible to extend the national grid to low density rural communities]], particularly when combined with the relatively low energy consumption of these populations. In such situations, decentralized sources are the only feasible option. When combined with the drive for "sustainable energy" renewables become particularly attractive.<br/><br/>i.e.<ref name="http://practicalaction.org/?id=energy">http://practicalaction.org/?id=energy</ref> energy technologies which do not supply to a national grid, can take a number of forms including diesel generators, micro-hydro schemes, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic. The most suitable technology is dependent on a combination of physical, economic and social factors.
 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
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 == Participation<br/> ==
-A decentralized approach to energy interventions led by local needs and contexts is important, particularly with smaller communities and rural populations. Starting with the people and not the technology can lead to improved and more widely disseminated energy technologies. Even Principle 10 of the<ref name="http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&amp;amp;ArticleID=1163&amp;amp;l=en">http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&amp;amp;amp;amp;ArticleID=1163&amp;amp;amp;amp;l=en</ref> states that "Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens. Each individual should have (information) and the opportunity to participate in decision making processes." Employing a participatory approach underpins every aspect of ensuring the success of an energy project.
+A decentralized approach to energy interventions led by local needs and contexts is important, particularly with smaller communities and rural populations. Starting with the people and not the technology can lead to improved and more widely disseminated energy technologies. Even Principle 10 of the<ref name="http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163&l=en">http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&amp;amp;amp;amp;ArticleID=1163&amp;amp;amp;amp;l=en</ref> states that "Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens. Each individual should have (information) and the opportunity to participate in decision making processes." Employing a participatory approach underpins every aspect of ensuring the success of an energy project.
 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]
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 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
+<br/>
 = Further Information<br/> =
-*'''[[:Portal:Energy_Access|Energy Access Portal]]'''
+*'''[[:Portal:Energy Access|Energy Access Portal]]'''
 *[[Energy Access Figures|Overview of energy access figures and needed investment for universal access to modern energy in different publications]]
 *&nbsp;[https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2017SpecialReport_EnergyAccessOutlook.pdf World Energy Outlook 2017 Special Report], Energy Access Outlook, IEA, 2017
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 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
 = References<br/> =
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 -> '''Please see also the [[Total Energy Wiki|Total Energy Access questionnaire]] on energypedia - a tool designed to assess whether a household meets the "Total Energy Access (TEA)" minimum standards.'''
 [[Category:Cooking_Energy]]

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 = Overview<br/> =
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 = The Poverty Dimension of Energy Access<br/> =
-Provide access to modern energy is not an aim at itself but a key factor to overcome poverty. International energy initiatives such as the [http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org Sustainable Energy for All campaign]aim first of all to contribute the Millenium Development Goals. Hence, the starting point for defining energy access is the kind of energy based services needed to change the life of poor people in a significant and sustainable way. The supply and use of energy have to be related to these services. Thus all energy based services and technologies contribute to end energy poverty if they have a direct positive impact on basic living conditions.
+Provide access to modern energy is not an aim at itself but a key factor to overcome poverty. International energy initiatives such as the [http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org Sustainable Energy for All campaign]aim first of all to contribute the Millenium Development Goals. Hence, the starting point for defining energy access is the kind of energy based services needed to change the life of poor people in a significant and sustainable way. The supply and use of energy have to be related to these services. [[Socio-economic impact of access to energy|Thus all energy based services and technologies contribute to end energy poverty if they have a direct positive impact on basic living conditions]].
 <br/><u>According to the [http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/2672735.pdf OECD-DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction] the life of poor households is charactericed by<ref name="OECD-DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction: http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/2672735.pdf">OECD-DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction: http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/2672735.pdf</ref>:</u>
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 -> '''Please see also the [[Total Energy Wiki|Total Energy Access questionnaire]] on energypedia - a tool designed to assess whether a household meets the "Total Energy Access (TEA)" minimum standards.'''
 [[Category:Water_Supply]]

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 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
 = Further Information<br/> =
 *[[Energy Access Figures|Overview of energy access figures and needed investment for universal access to modern energy in different publications]]
 *[http://content.undp.org/go/newsroom/publications/environment-energy/www-ee-library/sustainable-energy/undp-who-report-on-energy-access-in-developing-countries-review-of-ldcs---ssas.en UNDP-WHO report on energy access in developing countries: review of LDCs & SSAs] (November 2009)
 *[http://infohub.practicalaction.org/oknowledge/bitstream/11283/556929/1/Poor people's energy outlook 2014.pdf Poor People’s Energy Outlook 2014] by Practical Action<br/>
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 *[http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/2672735.pdf OECD (ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT), The DAC Guidelines, Poverty Reduction (2001)]
 *[http://practicalaction.org/water-and-sanitation Practical Action: Water and Sanitation]
-*[[Affordability_of_Grid_Electricity|Affordability of Grid Electricity]]
+*[[Affordability of Grid Electricity|Affordability of Grid Electricity]]
 <br/>
 [[Access to Modern Energy#toc|►Go To Top]]<br/>
 = References<br/> =